Evaluation of the influence of zoohumus extract on biochemistry and vegetative growth of Stevia Rebaudiana

One of the provisions of Russia’s food security doctrine regulates the development of sustainable and effective technologies for the organic cultivation of plants that produce sweet substances as natural sugar substitutes. This is largely due to the high prevalence of diseases associated with excessive consumption of refined carbohydrates. Therefore, systematic modification of the lifestyle and diet of high-risk individuals is required. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni stands out among the plants used as sugar substitutes. Currently, zoned varieties have been developed for cultivation in specific climatic regions of Russia. However, when growing the crop outdoors, farmers often face the problem of poor germination of the original seed material, which for most cultivated genotypes does not exceed 15–25 %. A promising alternative to this approach is growing stevia on artificial neutral substrates, indoors using intensive photoculture, with minimal or no application of mineral fertilizers. Currently, there are virtually no technological solutions adapted for organic cultivation of this crop that maximize its growth rate and optimize its final morphological and biochemical parameters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the impact of different fertilization methods on yield and metabolism in the green biomass of plant leaves. As an organic option, a method of growing plants in protected soil using a new type of organic fertilizer in the form of liquid extracts obtained from the zoohumus of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) was proposed. The vegetation period was 60 days. The experimental design was randomized, with ten replicates for each treatment. The experimental data obtained from collecting and analyzing the green biomass, in addition to traditional statistical processing methods, were analyzed using a specialized predictive neural network developed by the authors. The neural network allows for the calculation of cognitive salience indices (Cognitive Salience Index), which are used to quantitatively assess the intensity of mass accumulation and biochemical processes in plants when determining their optimal nutritional regimen. Calculations were based on a comparison of changes in the component content of the final amino acid, fatty acid, and essential element profiles, with variability in total chlorophyll accumulation and shoot biometric characteristics. The fertilization regimen also included a pure control variant, involving plant cultivation in filtered water. As a result, for all the indicators obtained, minimal values in growth and development were recorded here. Differences in weight gain, height, metabolism, and nutrient accumulation between the mineral- and organic-grown plants were insignificant, demonstrating the potential for using the latter as an environmentally friendly alternative. Furthermore, the level of nutrient consolidation in the biomass of plants grown using H. illucens zoohumus exceeded that of the mineral fertilizer, according to the CSIfract index.

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