Micronutrients and bioactive compounds in neuroprotection: Potential, mechanisms, and dietary sources
https://doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2025-8-4-479-487
Abstract
Nutritional support, as a strategy either alternative or complementary to conventional pharmacotherapy, demonstrates significant potential for modulating the pathogenetic mechanisms of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. This review synthesizes current evidence on the role of micronutrients and bioactive compounds in neuroprotection and neuroregulation. It examines the mechanisms of action of vitamins (E, D, K, A, B complex, C), minerals (selenium, zinc, magnesium, iron, copper, iodine, manganese), and polyunsaturated fatty acids in modulating antioxidant defense, synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter metabolism. Particular emphasis is placed on their capacity to mitigate oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, while concurrently enhancing neurotrophic support (e. g., BDNF, NGF). The significance of nutrient synergy, exemplified by the combination of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids, for augmenting neuroprotective effects is highlighted. The review discusses the challenges associated with translating findings from preclinical studies into clinical practice, including variability in bioavailability and the necessity for personalized nutritional approaches. Future research should be directed towards developing comprehensive dietary strategies and elucidating the role of gut microbiota in the metabolism of neuroactive compounds.
Supporting agencies: The article was published as part of the research topic No. FGUS-2024-0003 of the state assignment of the V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems
About the Authors
L. V. Fedulova
V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Liliya V. Fedulova, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of RAS, Head of the Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin
26, Talalikhin str., 109316, Moscow
A. A. Kibitkina
V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Anastasiya A. Kibitkina, Research Assistant, Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin
26, Talalikhin str., 109316, Moscow
E. R. Vasilevskaya
V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ekaterina R. Vasilevskaya, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Researcher, Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin
26, Talalikhin str., 109316, Moscow
S. Yu. Karabanov
V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Sergey Yu. Karabanov, Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Researcher, Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin
26, Talalikhin str., 109316, Moscow
D. A. Utyanov
V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dmitry A. Utyanov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Researcher, Laboratory of Scientific and Methodical Work, Biological and Analytical Research
26, Talalikhin str., 109316, Moscow
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Fedulova L.V., Kibitkina A.A., Vasilevskaya E.R., Karabanov S.Yu., Utyanov D.A. Micronutrients and bioactive compounds in neuroprotection: Potential, mechanisms, and dietary sources. Food systems. 2025;8(4):479-487. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2025-8-4-479-487
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