References

foodsyst

Food systems

Пищевые системы

2618-97712618-7272

Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН

10.21323/2618-9771-2025-8-4-479-487

foodsyst-913

Research Article

Статьи

Micronutrients and bioactive compounds in neuroprotection: Potential, mechanisms, and dietary sources

Микронутриенты и биоактивные соединения в нейропротекции: потенциал, механизмы, источники

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3573-930X

Федулова

Л. В.

Fedulova

L. V.

Федулова Лилия Вячеславовна — доктор технических наук, профессор РАН, заведующий Клиникой-лабораторией биологически активных веществ животного происхождения

109316, Москва, ул. Талалихина, 26

Liliya V. Fedulova, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of RAS, Head of the Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin

26, Talalikhin str., 109316, Moscow

l.fedulova@fncps.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6934-7342

Кибиткина

А. А.

Kibitkina

A. A.

Кибиткина Анастасия Анатольевна — младший научный сотрудник, Клиника-лаборатория биологически активных веществ животного происхождения

109316, Москва, ул. Талалихина, 26

Anastasiya A. Kibitkina, Research Assistant, Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin

26, Talalikhin str., 109316, Moscow

a.kibitkina@fncps.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4752-3939

Василевская

Е. Р.

Vasilevskaya

E. R.

Василевская Екатерина Романовна — кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник, Клиника-лаборатория биологически активных веществ животного происхождения

109316, Москва, ул. Талалихина, 26

Ekaterina R. Vasilevskaya, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Researcher, Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin

26, Talalikhin str., 109316, Moscow

e.vasilevskaya@fncps.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1688-4045

Карабанов

С. Ю.

Karabanov

S. Yu.

Карабанов Сергей Юрьевич — кандидат ветеринарных наук, научный сотрудник, Клиника-лаборатория биологически активных веществ животного происхождения

109316, Москва, ул. Талалихина, 26

Sergey Yu. Karabanov, Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Researcher, Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin

26, Talalikhin str., 109316, Moscow

s.karabanov@fncps.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7693-3032

Утьянов

Д. А.

Utyanov

D. A.

Утьянов Дмитрий Александрович — кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник, лаборатория «Научно-методические работы, биологические и аналитические исследования»

109316, Москва, ул. Талалихина, 26

Dmitry A. Utyanov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Researcher, Laboratory of Scientific and Methodical Work, Biological and Analytical Research

26, Talalikhin str., 109316, Moscow

d.utyanov@fncps.ru

Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАНРоссияV. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food SystemsRussian Federation

2025

28012026

84479487

2026

Федулова Л.В., Кибиткина А.А., Василевская Е.Р., Карабанов С.Ю., Утьянов Д.А.

Fedulova L.V., Kibitkina A.A., Vasilevskaya E.R., Karabanov S.Y., Utyanov D.A.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/913

Nutritional support, as a strategy either alternative or complementary to conventional pharmacotherapy, demonstrates significant potential for modulating the pathogenetic mechanisms of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. This review synthesizes current evidence on the role of micronutrients and bioactive compounds in neuroprotection and neuroregulation. It examines the mechanisms of action of vitamins (E, D, K, A, B complex, C), minerals (selenium, zinc, magnesium, iron, copper, iodine, manganese), and polyunsaturated fatty acids in modulating antioxidant defense, synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter metabolism. Particular emphasis is placed on their capacity to mitigate oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, while concurrently enhancing neurotrophic support (e. g., BDNF, NGF). The significance of nutrient synergy, exemplified by the combination of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids, for augmenting neuroprotective effects is highlighted. The review discusses the challenges associated with translating findings from preclinical studies into clinical practice, including variability in bioavailability and the necessity for personalized nutritional approaches. Future research should be directed towards developing comprehensive dietary strategies and elucidating the role of gut microbiota in the metabolism of neuroactive compounds.

Нутритивная поддержка как стратегия, альтернативная или дополняющая традиционную фармакотерапию, демонстрирует значительный потенциал в модуляции патогенетических механизмов нейродегенеративных и нейропсихических расстройств. В данном обзоре обобщены современные данные о роли микронутриентов и биологически активных соединений в нейропротекции и нейрорегуляции. Рассматриваются механизмы действия витаминов (E, D, K, A, группы B, C), минералов (селена, цинка, магния, железа, меди, йода, марганца), а также полиненасыщенных жирных кислот на модуляцию антиоксидантной защиты, синаптической пластичности, нейровоспаления и метаболизма нейромедиаторов. Особое внимание уделяется их способности снижать окислительный стресс и эксайтотоксичность, одновременно усиливая нейротрофическую поддержку (BDNF, NGF). Подчеркивается значение синергии нутриентов, например, комбинации витамина B12 с омега-3, для усиления нейропротективного эффекта. Обсуждаются проблемы переноса результатов доклинических исследований в клиническую практику, включая вариабельность биодоступности и необходимость персонализированного питания. Дальнейшие исследования должны быть направлены на разработку комплексных диетических стратегий и изучение роли кишечной микробиоты в метаболизме нейроактивных соединений.

витаминыминералыполиненасыщенные жирные кислотынейровоспалениекогнитивные функции

vitaminsmineralspolyunsaturated fatty acidsneuroinflammationcognitive function

Исследования проводили в рамках государственного задания ФГБНУ «ФНЦ пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова» РАН FGUS-2024-0003

The article was published as part of the research topic No. FGUS-2024-0003 of the state assignment of the V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.