Утилизация остатков дистилляции эфирных масел ажгона, чабера садового и орегано

Водная дистилляция (ВД) является традиционным методом экстракции эфирных масел (ЭМ). Этот метод даёт значительный объем водного остатка (ВО) и твёрдого остатка (ТО), получаемых в качестве побочных продуктов. Целью данного исследования было изучение эффективности использования побочных продуктов дистилляции, а именно — ВО и  ТО в  качестве антиоксидантных и  антимикробных действующих веществ. Химический профиль ЭМ, экстрагированных из некоторых ароматических растений, богатых фенольными соединениями (ажгон, чабер садовый и орегано), был проанализирован с помощью метода газовой хроматографии-масс-спектрометрии (ГХ–МС). Наиболее часто встречающимися соединениями оказались фенольные монотерпены, такие как тимол и карвакрол. Полифенольные характеристики проанализированных ВО и  ТО экстрактов были определены с  помощью метода высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии (ВЭЖХ). Анализ по методу ВЭЖХ показал присутствие хлорогеновой кислоты, катехина, ρ-гидроксибензойной кислоты, феруловой кислоты, рутина и  гесперидина в  качестве основных компонентов в  ВО. Общее содержание фенольных соединений и  флавоноидов определяли с  помощью анализа Фолина-Чокальтеу и анализа на содержание хлорида алюминия соответственно. Антиоксидантный потенциал оценивали с  помощью анализа 2,2-дифенил‑1-пикрилгидразила (ДФПГ) и  анализа восстанавливающей железо антиоксидантной активности (ВЖАА). Экстракты из водного остатка орегано (ВОО) и водного остатка чабера (ВОЧ) проявляли более высокую активность в отношении радикалов ДФПГ и восстанавливающую способность, нежели бутилированный гидрокситолуол (БГТ). Антибактериальная активность экстрактов ВО и ТО оценивалась на примере их эффективности в отношении шести штаммов бактерий. Антибактериальная активность экстракта ВОО в отношении Salmonella typhimurium 14028 и Serratia marcescens 37 превышала антибактериальную активность стандартного ампициллина. При этом экстракт ВОЧ проявлял более высокую антибактериальную активность, нежели ампициллин, в отношении Bacillus cereus 33018.

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