Методы количественного определения содержания липидов и жирных кислот в микроводорослях
https://doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2025-8-2-267-275
Аннотация
Микроводоросли представляют собой перспективное сырьё для устойчивого производства биотоплива и ценных биопродуктов благодаря высокой липидной продуктивности и быстрому темпу роста микроводорослей. Точное и воспроизводимое количественное определение липидов имеет решающее значение для отбора штаммов, оптимизации процессов и масштабирования производства. Настоящий обзор представляет собой всестороннюю и критическую оценку современных методов количественного анализа липидов, применяемых к микроводорослям. Рассмотренные методики классифицируются по типу применения: скрининговые, количественные и профилирующие подходы, включая такие технологии, как экстракция растворителями, in situ и прямая этерификация, колориметрические тесты, спектроскопические методы (NIR, FTIR), а также хроматографические техники (ГХ, ВЭЖХ–МС/МС). Каждый метод оценивается по нескольким критериям, включая аналитическую точность, пропускную способность, требования к образцам, техническую сложность и потенциал стандартизации. Результаты обобщаются в виде сравнительных таблиц. Несмотря на высокую скорость и простоту применения, скрининговые инструменты (например, Nile Red, SPV) недостаточно точны и воспроизводимы. Количественные методы, такие как кислотно-катализируемая in situ этерификация в сочетании с газовой хроматографией, демонстрируют оптимальное соотношение точности и масштабируемости применения. Методы профилирования, включая ВЭЖХ–МС/МС, обеспечивают наивысшее молекулярное разрешение, но требуют значительных экономических и трудовых затрат. Обзор подчёркивает необходимость гармонизации методик и обсуждает компромиссы, связанные с выбором аналитического подхода в научных и прикладных целях. Предлагаются практические рекомендации по выбору наиболее подходящих методов в зависимости от контекста применения — от раннего скрининга до продвинутого липидомного профилирования.
Об авторе
И. В. Морщинин
Университет ИТМО
Россия
Россия
Морщинин Иван Владимирович — инженер, факультет экотехнологий
197101, Санкт-Петербург, Кронверкский пр., д. 49, лит. А
Тел.: +7–996–182–32–99
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Морщинин И.В. Методы количественного определения содержания липидов и жирных кислот в микроводорослях. Пищевые системы. 2025;8(2):267-275. https://doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2025-8-2-267-275
For citation:
Morshchinin I.V. Methods for quantitative determination of microalgal lipid and fatty acids content. Food systems. 2025;8(2):267-275. https://doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2025-8-2-267-275
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