Аминокислотный состав и биологическая ценность гидролизатов сывороточных белков, фракционированных каскадно-селективной мембранной фильтрацией

В данной статье обсуждается вопрос использования промышленных методов каскадно-селективной мембранной биоактивные фильтрации для очистки ферментативных гидролизатов сывороточных белков и фракционирования биоактивных пептидов. Основное внимание уделено комплексной оценке влияния данного технологического процесса на аминокислотный состав, биологическую ценность и кинетику переваривания in vitro полученных пептидных фракций в сравнении с интактными белками. Нативный и термоденатурированный концентрат сывороточных белков гидролизовали биферментной композицией (Alcalase и Formea CTL) и фракционировали методами ультра-, нанофильтрации и обратного осмоса. Основные результаты показали, что разработанный процесс каскадно-селективной ультра-нанодиафильтрации позволяет эффективно удалять высокомолекулярные белковые соединения, минеральные вещества и свободные аминокислоты. При этом в составе гидролизатов сохраняется фракция пептидов с молекулярной массой 0,4–5 кДа, обладающая максимальными антиоксидантной (1280 и 979 мкМ ТЭ/г БЭ) и АПФ-ингибирующей (IC₅₀ = 0,10 и 0,19 мг/мл) активностями. Очищенные гидролизаты характеризовались сбалансированным аминокислотным профилем (отношение НАК/ЗАК 0,77–0,78), высоким содержанием BCAA (19,07–19,20 г/100 г белка) и повышенным коэффициентом утилитарности (0,71–0,72) по сравнению с исходными концентратами сывороточных белков. Оценка перевариваемости на модели INFOGEST 2.0 подтвердила высокую биодоступность, более быстрое и полное переваривание фракционированных гидролизатов по сравнению интактными белками. Полученные результаты открывают перспективы промышленного масштабирования технологии производства гидролизатов сывороточных белков и их использования в качестве функциональных ингредиентов. Такие ингредиенты могут применяться при создании продуктов функционального и специализированного питания, включая протеиновые формулы для спортивного питания, нутритивной поддержки при метаболическом синдроме и возрастной саркопении, а также для коррекции хронического оксидативного стресса и профилактики гипертонии.

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