Антимикробные пленки на основе картофельного крахмала с добавлением молочной кислоты

Цель работы — получение и оценка свойств биоразлагаемых антимикробных пленок на основе картофельного крахмала, глицерина и молочной кислоты как функциональных добавок для пищевой упаковки. Пленки получали методом литья из раствора: 2 % (масс./об.) дисперсию крахмала желатинизировали (70 ± 1 °C, 30 мин), вводили глицерин (0,4 %) и молочную кислоту (1,0 %), дегазировали, разливали и сушили (60 °C, 24 ч), затем кондиционировали (48 ч, 23 ± 2 °C). Измеряли толщину, механические и барьерные свойства, а также антимикробную активность (диск-диффузионный метод на питательной среде LB, тест-культуры Escherichia coli и Bacillus subtilis; положительный контроль — тетрациклин 30 мкг, отрицательный контроль — стерильный диск фильтровальной бумаги; сравнение со свободной молочной кислотой). Полученные пленки были оптически однородными, без макродефектов, толщиной 0,09–0,11 мм. Пленки продемонстрировали высокую прочность при растяжении 74,8 ± 7,4 МПа и относительном удлинении 23,7 ± 4,6 % (n = 10). Скорость переноса водяного пара составила 1290,7 ± 60,8 г · м–2 · сут, коэффициент паропроницаемости — 2,05 ´ 10^–4  г · м · м^–2 · сут^–1 · Па^–1 (относительная влажность воздуха 90 %); при этом в  сухих условиях (относительная влажность около 0 %) фиксировалась крайне низкая газопроницаемость по O₂/CO₂ (ниже порога расчета стационарной проницаемости). При анализе антимикробной активности диско-диффузионным методом пленки формировали зоны ингибирования роста (E. coli: 10,67 ± 1,53 мм; B. subtilis: 10,67 ± 0,58 мм), сопоставимые со свободной молочной кислотой (соответственно 9,67 ± 0,58 и 12,00 ± 1,00 мм). Совокупность результатов подтверждает, что крахмальные пленки с молочной кислотой обладают высокими барьерными свойствами (в сухой фазе) и антимикробной активностью (при контакте с влажной поверхностью), что делает их перспективными для использования в качестве активной упаковки охлажденных мясных и молочных продуктов и как функциональный слой в многослойных пленках.

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