Аллергия на водные биологические ресурсы как продукты питания

В обзоре раскрывается проблема аллергии на рыбу и на другие высокоаллергенные пищевые продукты. В первую очередь рассмотрены продукты, полученные из водных организмов. В данной статье обсуждается мировая добыча рыбы различных видов с  приведением статистики ФАО за последние годы. Рассматривается роль аквакультуры в производстве рыбы, моллюсков и ракообразных. В частности, анализируются тренды рыболовства в Черном море и рост производства продуктов аквакультуры в России. Обобщенные данные свидетельствуют об увеличении значимости водных биологических ресурсов (ВБР) в сбалансированном рационе человека. Исследование демонстрирует роль парвальбумина в механизме развития аллергии на продукты из ВБР. В статье приводятся примеры других аллергенных белков, которые содержат эпитопы, провоцирующие запуск аллергических реакций в организме человека. Кратко описан механизм возникновения этих реакций. Обращается внимание на перекрестные аллергические реакции. Обсуждаются антропогенные факторы, которые могут усугублять аллергию на рыбные продукты. Таковыми являются пестициды, гербициды, антибиотики, компоненты моющих средств, изменения в химическом составе, условия хранения продуктов. В данной работе упомянуты также псевдоаллергены, способные вызывать аллергические реакции. Симптомы аллергии могут варьироваться от кожных высыпаний и зуда до дыхательных проблем и анафилаксии. Лечение аллергии на рыбу сходно с лечением аллергии на другие пищевые продукты. Оно включает применение антигистаминных препаратов, кортикостероидов и сорбентов. Большую роль в возникновении аллергических реакций играет фактор наследственности. Важно уделять внимание чистоте и качеству продуктов, способам приготовления, а также соблюдать диету. Ввиду потенциально более высокой кумулятивной токсичности пресноводных видов, рекомендуется отдавать предпочтение морской рыбе.

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