Chemical and microbiological assessment of house-filtered water produced by household water filtration systems
https://doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2024-7-1-137-143
Abstract
Chemical characteristics and microbiological quality of filtered water generated from municipal water using mono-, di- and penta-stage (5-stage) filters, as well as disposed drain water were investigated. With the application of the household water penta filters, the total dissolved solids (TDS) of the filtered water were highly reduced (0.04–0.07 g/L) and, consequently, electrical conductivity also decreased. Furthermore, total hardness was completely removed (0–2 mg CaCO3/L), as well as the chloride content. In the same manner, the nitrate content in the filtered water resulted from the household water penta filters decreased significantly (0.5–0.9 mg/L). Cations, such as Na+ and K+, in the filtered water were greatly affected and were 18–28 and 2 mg/L, respectively. Filtered water generated from the house-water penta filters was not in compliance with the daily amounts of F, Na and K necessary for teenagers and kids, and it might cause a risk of deficiencies. From the microbiological point of view, the penta-stage filter effectively removed total bacterial counts and total coliforms from water making it completely safe for potable and other domestic uses. The home water mono- and di- filters had low effectiveness of contaminant removal.
Supporting agencies: This study has been financially supported by Deanship of Scientific Research, Al-Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia under grant No. SR-D-009-023
About the Authors
A. S. Ammar
Cairo University; College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University
Egypt
Egypt
Abdalla S. M. Ammar, Professor, Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University
1 Gamaa Street, Giza, 12613, Egypt
Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
Tel.: +2–0101–997–17–99
M. G. El-Ziney
Alexandria University; College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University
Egypt
Egypt
Mohamed G. El-Ziney, Professor of Dairy Science and Technology, Dairy Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University
PO Box 21454 Alexandria, Egypt
Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
Tel.: +2–0106–516–63–51
A. I. Al-Turki
College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
Ahmad I. Al-Turki, Professor of Environmental Microbiology, Plant Production and Protection Department, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University
PO BOX 6622, Buraydah 51452, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Tel.: +966–0568–410–066
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For citations:
Ammar A.S., El-Ziney M.G., Al-Turki A.I. Chemical and microbiological assessment of house-filtered water produced by household water filtration systems. Food systems. 2024;7(1):137-143. https://doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2024-7-1-137-143
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