Пищевые отходы — сырье для получения биоразлагаемых полигидроксиалканоатов: состояние и перспективы

Обострение проблемы загрязнения окружающей среды пластиком стимулирует поиск не только наиболее перспективного биоразлагаемого полимера, но и оптимального сырья для его производства. Полигидкросиалканоаты (ПГА) — биоразлагаемые полимеры, обладающее физико-механическими свойствами близкими к традиционным пластикам, рассматриваются как потенциальное решение данной проблемы. Производство ПГА может быть реализовано согласно принципам биоэкономики замкнутого цикла путем биотехнологической переработки вторичного сырья с получением продукта с добавочной стоимостью. Однако важной составляющей расширения производства ПГА является необходимость обнаружения наиболее перспективного вторичного сырья для его производства. Проведен анализ рынка ПГА в России и мире, в качестве основополагающего фактора роста производства ПГА выделяется спрос в упаковочной, пищевой промышленности, биомедицине и агропромышленности. Библиографический анализ с применением схемы PRISMA и программы VOSviewer позволил выявить три основных направления исследований ПГА: поиск оптимального вторичного сырья среди пищевых отходов; анализ вызовов при производстве ПГА; изучение экологических и экономических эффектов от внедрения ПГА. Определены перспективные виды вторичного сырья: отходы производства растительных масел, отходы переработки фруктов и овощей, молочная сыворотка, отходы сахарной и крахмальной промышленности, отработанная кофейная гуща, экстрагированные из нее кофейные масла. Выявлены преимущества и недостатки использования вторичного сырья, возможности совершенствования способов его применения в производстве ПГА, а также установлены основные штаммы-продуценты. Для оптимизации стоимости и процессов производства ПГА требуются дальнейшие исследования пищевых отходов, направленные на разработку подходов к увеличению выхода полимера, в том числе путем применения процессов подготовки вторичного сырья. Также для перечисленных целей необходим поиск наиболее продуктивных штаммов, синтезирующих ПГА.

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