Продовольственная безопасность, продовольственные потери и фудшеринг: концептуальный анализ

Авторы подчеркивают, что в современном мире продукты питания становятся все менее доступными в связи со сложившейся глобальной экономической, геополитической и климатической ситуацией. В то же время значительная часть производимого в мире продовольствия используется нерационально и попадает в отходы. Это означает, что существует необходимость внедрения инструментов, которые могли бы обеспечить людям доступ к продуктам питания и сократить количество пищевых отходов. Для решения этой проблемы может быть использована раздача продовольствия как новый инструмент коллаборативного потребления еды. В статье представлено понятие распределительного способа раздачи продуктов питания и описаны его различные виды. Описано современное состояние распределительного способа раздачи продуктов питания в России. Мы констатируем, что условия для развития распределительного способа раздачи продовольствия в России неблагоприятны. Основной вывод статьи —  необходимо создать условий для развития концепции раздачи продовольствия для обеспечения нуждающихся слоев населения продуктами питания и для минимизации количества выбрасываемого продовольствия.

1. Botsman, R., Rogers, R. (2010). What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption. New York, Harper Business, 2010.

2. Curtis, S.K., Lehner, M. (2019). Defining the Sharing Economy for Sustainability. Sustainability, 11(3), Article 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030567

3. Michelini, L., Principato, L., Iasevoli, G. (2018) Understanding Food Sharing Models to Tackle Sustainability Challenges. Ecological Economics, 145, 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.09.009

4. Clarke, A., Parsell, C. (2022). Resurgent charity and the neoliberalizing social, Economy and Society, 51(2), 307–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2021.1995977

5. Santeramo, F.G., Kang, M. (2022). Food Security Threats and Policy Responses in EU and Africa, Sustainable Horizons, 4, Article 100044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.horiz.2022.100044

6. Mutea, E., Bottazzi, P., Jacobi, J., Kiteme, B., Speranza C. I., Rist, S. (2019). Livelihoods and Food Security Among Rural Households in the North-Western Mount Kenya Region. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 3, Article 98. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00098

7. Workie, E., Mackolil, J., Nyika, J., Ramadas, S. (2020). Deciphering the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food security, agriculture, and livelihoods: A review of the evidence from developing countries. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, 2, Article 100014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2020.100014

8. Friedman, C. (2021). Food insecurity of people with disabilities who were Medicare beneficiaries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disability and Health Journal, 14(4), Article 101166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101166

9. Saxena, A., Brahmawar Mohan S. (2021). The impact of food security disruption due to the Covid-19 pandemic on tribal people in India. Chapter in a book: Advances in Food Security and Sustainability, 6. Academic Press, Washington, DC, United States, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.af2s.2021.07.006

10. Lin, F., Li, X., Jia, V., Feng F., Huang H., Huang, J. et al. (2023). The impact of Russia-Ukraine conflict on global food security. Global Food Security, 36, Article 100661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2022.100661

11. Deininger, K., Ayalew Ali, D., Kussul, N., Shelestov, A., Lemoine, G., Yailimova, H. (2023). Quantifying war-induced crop losses in Ukraine in near real time to strengthen local and global food security. Food Policy, 115, Article 102418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2023.102418

12. Abay, K.A., Breisinger, C., Glauber, J., Kurdi, S., Laborde, D., Siddig, K. (2023). The Russia-Ukraine war: Implications for global and regional food security and potential policy responses. Global Food Security, 36, Article 100675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2023.100675

13. Ayaz, M., Fontan-Sers, C., Maisonnave, H., Mughal Y. M. (2023). Collateral damage? Welfare Effects of The Ukraine War on Pakistan. World Development Sustainability, Article 100082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wds.2023.100082

14. Arndt, C., Diao, X., Dorosh, P., Pauw, K., Thurlow, J. (2023). The Ukraine war and rising commodity prices: Implications for developing countries. Global Food Security, 36, Article 100680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2023.100680

15. Michelini, L., Grieco, C., Ciulli, F., Di Leo, A. (2020). Uncovering the impact of food sharing platform business models: A theory of change approach, British Food Journal, 122(5), 1437–1462. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-06–2019–0422

16. Bazarnova, J., Barsukova, N., Eliseeva, S., Gnilitskiy, V., Shepiashvili, J. (2020). Shelf life extension of minimally processed vegetables using combinations of bacterial bioprotection and modified atmosphere packaging. Agronomy Research, 18(S3), 1616–1628. https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.20.059

17. Lanno, M., Silm, M., Shanskiy, M., Kisand, A., Orupold, K., Kriipsalu, M. (2020). Open windrow composting of fish waste in Estonia. Agronomy Research, 18(4), 2465–2477. https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.20.194

18. Malenica, D., Rajeev, B. (2020). Review article: Current research trends in fruit and vegetables wastes and by-products management — Scope and opportunities in the Estonian context. Agronomy Research, 18(S3), 1760–1795. https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.20.086

19. Mindlin, Yu., Mityashin, G., Tikhomirov, E. (October 15–16, 2022). Innovative forms of organization of food provision for low-income and no-income people. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. International Scientific and Practical Conference: Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex in the Context of Robotization and Digitalization of Production in Russia and Abroad (DAICRA 2021). Yekaterinburg, Russia. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755–1315/949/1/012125

20. Landers, P.S. (2007). The Food Stamp Program: History, Nutrition Education, and Impact. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 107(11), 1945–1951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2007.08.009

21. Schanzenbach, D.W. (2023). Understanding SNAP: An overview of recent research. Food Policy, 114, Article 102397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2022.102397

22. Mesiranta, N., Närvänen, E., Mattila, M. (2021). Framings of Food Waste: How Food System Stakeholders Are Responsibilized in Public Policy Debate. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 41(2), 144–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/07439156211005722

23. Plotnikov, V., Nikitin, Y., Maramygin, M., Ilyasov, R. (2021). National food security under institutional challenges (Russian experience). International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 41(1/2), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-03–2020–0074

24. Zhichkin, K.A., Nosov, V.V., Zhichkina L. N., Ramazanov, I.A., Kotyazhov, I.A., Abdulragimov, I.A. (2021). The food security concept as the state support basis for agriculture. Agronomy Research, 19(2), 629–637. https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.21.097

25. Ianenko, M., Huhlaev, D., Martynenko, O. (November 21–22, 2018). Digital transformation of trade: Problems and prospects of marketing activities. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. International Scientific Conference «Digital Transformation on Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Service». Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757–899X/497/1/012118

26. Kapustina, I., Pereverzeva, T., Stepanova, T., Bakharev, V., Lebedzeva, S. (September 28–29, 2022). Adaptation of Traditional and Digital Economy Institutions as a Factor of Socio-Economic Development of Trade Industry Economic Agents. International Scientific Conference. Global Challenges of Digital Transformation of Markets. GDTM 2022. St. Petersburg, Russia.

27. Malenkov, Y., Kapustina, I., Kudryavtseva, G., Shishkin, V.V, Shishkin V. I. (2021). Digitalization and Strategic Transformation of Retail Chain Stores: Trends, Impacts, Prospects. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(2), Article 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7020108

28. Gruvaeus, A., Dahlin, J. (2012). Revitalization of Food in Sweden — A Closer Look at the REKO Network. Sustainability, 13(18), Article 10471. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810471

29. Michel-Villarreal, R., Hingley, M., Canavari, M, Bregoli, I. (2019). Sustainability in Alternative Food Networks: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 11(3), Article 859. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030859

30. Abdullin, A., Vafin, R., Turgel, I., Khoroshkevich, N. (March 29–31, 2021). Food security of Russia — modern challenges and possible solutions. E3S Web of Conferences. International Conference “Ensuring Food Security in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic” (EFSC2021). Doushanbe, Republic of Tadjikistan. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128201004

31. Fedotova, G.V., Kulikova, N.N., Kurbanov, A.K., Gontar, A.A. (2018). Threats to Food Security of the Russia’s Population in the Conditions of Transition to Digital Economy. Chapter in a book: The Impact of Information on Modern Humans. HOSMC2017. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978–3–319–75383–6_68

32. Frenken, K., Schor, J. (2017). Putting the sharing economy into perspective. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 23, 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2017.01.003

33. Revinova, S., Ratner, S., Lazanyuk, I., Gomonov, K. (2020). Sharing Economy in Russia: Current Status, Barriers, Prospects and Role of Universities. Sustainability, 12(12), Article 4855. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124855

34. Shmidt, M. (2019). The Sharing Economy and its Paradoxes: A Sociological Study of Sharing Communities in Russia. Mir Rossii, 28(2) 148–171. https://doi.org/10.17323/1811–038X-2019–28–2–148–171

35. ТИАР-Центр (2019). Фудшеринг в России. Электронный ресурс: https://tiarcenter.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Foodsharing-in-Russia_October-1.pdf Дата доступа 25.05.2023.

36. Ziker, J., Schnegg, M. 2005. Food sharing at meals. Human Nature, 16, 178–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110–005–1003–6

37. Wang, C., Huang, J., Liao, J., Wan, X. (2020). Food Sharing With Choice: Influence on Social Evaluation. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 2070. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02070

38. Paul, B. (2022). Urban agricultural activities, a food system resilience strategy during COVID-19 in Haiti. Food Systems, 5(4), 327–336. https://doi.org/10.21323/2618–9771–2022–5–4–327–336

39. Fonte, M. (2013). Food consumption as social practice: Solidarity Purchasing Groups in Rome, Italy. Journal of Rural Studies, 32, 230–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2013.07.003

40. Engler-Stringer, R., Berenbaum, S. (2007). Exploring Food Security with Collective Kitchens Participants in Three Canadian Cities. Qualitative Health Research, 17(1), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732306296451

41. Kotliarov, I. (2022). A taxonomy of business organizations: Transport industry and beyond. Transportation Research Procedia, 63, 2165–2171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2022.06.243

42. Kotliarov, I. (2022). Heterogeneity of stakeholders as an obstacle to the development of cooperatives in Russia. The Russian Peasant Studies, 7(4), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.22394/2500–1809–2022–7–4–20–32

43. Choi, T.M., Guo, S., Liu, N., Shi, X. (2019). Values of food leftover sharing platforms in the sharing economy. International Journal of Production Economics, 213, 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.03.005

44. Richards, T.J., Hamilton, S.F. (2018). Food waste in the sharing economy. Food Policy, 75, 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2018.01.008

45. Nica-Avram, G., Harvey, J., Smith, G., Smith, A., Goulding, J. (2021). Identifying food insecurity in food sharing networks via machine learning. Journal of Business Research, 131, 469–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.028

46. Purwanto, M.R., Mukharrom, T., Zhilyakov, D.I., Pamuji, E., Shankar, K. (2019). Study the importance of Business Ethics and Ethical Marketing in Digital Era. Journal of Critical Reviews, 6(5), 150–154. https://doi.org/10.22159/jcr.06.05.26

47. Schanes, K., Stagl, S. (2019). Food waste fighters: What motivates people to engage in food sharing? Journal of Cleaner Production, 211, 1491–1501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.162

48. Бахарев, В.В., Капустина, И.В., Митяшин, Г.Ю., Катрашова, Ю.В.(2020). Экологизация розничной торговли: анализ стратегий. Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture, 12 (5), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.12731/2658–6649–2020–12–5–79–96

49. Dabija, D.C., Pop, C.M. (2013). Green marketing — Factor of competitiveness in retailing. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 12(2), 393–400. https://doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2013.049

50. Ikramov, R., Mityashin, G. (April 28–30, 2021). Ecologization of Retail: Russian Experience. E3S Web of Conferences. Topical Problems of Green Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (TPACEE-2021). Moscow, Russia. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128411018

51. Ikramov, R., Mityashin, G., Bakharev, V. (April 28–30, 2021). Waste-Free Stores in Russia: A Retrospective Analysis, Criticism, and Analysis of the Visitor’s Attitude. E3S Web of Conferences. Topical Problems of Green Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (TPACEE-2021). Moscow, Russia. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128411016

52. The Guardian. (2016)/.French law forbids food waste by supermarkets. Электронный ресурс: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/04/frenchlaw-forbids-food-waste-by-supermarkets Дата доступа 25.05.2023.

53. Mirosa, M., Mainvil, L., Horne, H., Mangan-Walker, E. (2016). The social value of rescuing food, nourishing communities. British Food Journal, 118(12), 3044–3058. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-04–2016–0149

54. Purdam, K., Garratt, E. A., Esmail, A. (2016). Hungry? Food Insecurity, Social Stigma and Embarrassment in the UK. Sociology, 50(6), 1072–1088. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038515594092

55. Котляров, И. Д. (2021). Управление монетизацией в ресторанном бизнесе. Техника и технология пищевых производств. 51(1), 146–158. https://doi.org/10.21603/2074–9414–2021–1–146–158

56. Schanes, K., Dobernig, K., Gözet, B. (2018). Food waste matters — A systematic review of household food waste practices and their policy implications. Journal of Cleaner Production, 182, 978–991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.030

57. Davies, A., Legg, R. (2018). Fare sharing: interrogating the nexus of ICT, urban food sharing, and sustainability, Food, Culture and Society, 21(2), 233–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528014.2018.1427924

58. Hagolani-Albov, S.E., Ehrnström-Fuentes, M. (2023). The REKO model: Facebook as a platform for food system reconnection. International Journal of Food Design, 8, 61–87. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1386/ijfd_00051_1

59. Harvey, J., Smith, A., Goulding, J., Branco Illodo, I. (2020). Food sharing, redistribution, and waste reduction via mobile applications: A social network analysis. Industrial Marketing Management, 88, 437–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.02.019

60. McKerchar, C., Bowers, S., Heta, C., Signal, L., Matoe, L. (2015). Enhancing Māori food security using traditional kai. Global Health Promotion, 22(3), 15–24, https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975914543573

61. Ciaghi, A., Villafiorita, A. (September 12–15, 2016). Beyond food sharing: Supporting food waste reduction with ICTs. IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). Trento, Italy. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580874

62. Davies, A.R., Edwards, F., Marovelli, B., Morrow, O., Rut, M., Weymes, M. (2017). Making visible: Interrogating the performance of food sharing across 100 urban areas. Geoforum, 86, 136–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.09.007

63. Morrow, O. (2019). Sharing food and risk in Berlin’s urban food commons. Geoforum, 99, 202–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.09.003

64. Reynolds, C., Goucher, L., Quested, T., Bromley, S., Gillick, S., Wells, V. Et al. (2019). Review: Consumption-stage food waste reduction interventions — What works and how to design better interventions. Food Policy, 83, 7–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2019.01.009

65. АНО «ФУДШЕРИНГ»: официальный сайт. Электронный ресурс: https://foodsharing.ru/ Дата доступа 25.05.2023.

66. Rg.ru (2021) Школьник запустил проект по обмену едой для жителей Нефтеюганска https://rg.ru/2021/02/11/reg-urfo/shkolnik-zapustil-proekt-poobmenu-edoj-dlia-zhitelej-nefteiuganska.html Дата доступа 25.05.2023.

67. Газета.ru (2021) Изъян в законодательстве: что мешает развитию фудшеринга в России https://www.gazeta.ru/social/2021/07/27/13806128.shtml?updated Дата доступа 25.05.2023.