foodsystFood systemsПищевые системы2618-97712618-7272Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН10.21323/2618-9771-2025-8-2-267-275foodsyst-775Research ArticleСтатьиMethods for quantitative determination of microalgal lipid and fatty acids contentМетоды количественного определения содержания липидов и жирных кислот в микроводоросляхhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-3857-3994МорщининИ. В.MorshchininI. V.

Морщинин Иван Владимирович — инженер, факультет экотехнологий

197101, Санкт-Петербург, Кронверкский пр., д. 49, лит. А

Тел.: +7–996–182–32–99

Ivan V. Morshchinin, Engineer, Faculty of Ecotechnologies

49, lit. A, Kronverksky pr., St. Petersburg, 197101

Tel.: +7–996–182–32–99

keshanowak@gmail.comУниверситет ИТМОРоссияITMO UniversityRussian Federation20251807202582267275Copyright © Morshchinin I.V., 20252025Морщинин И.В.Morshchinin I.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/775

Microalgae represent a promising feedstock for sustainable biofuel production and high-value lipid-based bioproducts due to their high lipid productivity and rapid growth rates. Accurate and reproducible lipid quantification is essential for strain selection, process optimization, and industrial scaling. This review presents a comprehensive and critical evaluation of contemporary lipid quantification methods applied to microalgae. The methodologies are categorized into screening, quantitative, and profiling approaches, encompassing techniques such as solvent extraction, in situ and direct transesterification, colorimetric assays, spectroscopic tools (NIR, FTIR), and chromatographic techniques (GC, LC–MS/MS). Each method is evaluated across multiple performance axes, including analytical accuracy, throughput, requirement to the sample, technical complexity, and standardization potential. Results are synthesized using the comparative tables. While high-throughput screening tools (e. g., Nile Red, SPV) offer speed and easiness of using, they exhibit limitations in accuracy and reproducibility. Quantitative methods such as acid-catalyzed in situ transesterification coupled with gas chromatography demonstrate a strong balance between precision and scalability. Profiling methods, including LC–MS/MS, provide the highest molecular resolution but are cost- and labor-intensive. The review highlights the need for methodological harmonization and discusses the trade-offs associated with analytical choices in research and industry. Practical recommendations are proposed for selecting the appropriate techniques depending on application context — from early-stage screening to advanced lipidomic profiling.

Микроводоросли представляют собой перспективное сырьё для устойчивого производства биотоплива и ценных биопродуктов благодаря высокой липидной продуктивности и быстрому темпу роста микроводорослей. Точное и воспроизводимое количественное определение липидов имеет решающее значение для отбора штаммов, оптимизации процессов и масштабирования производства. Настоящий обзор представляет собой всестороннюю и критическую оценку современных методов количественного анализа липидов, применяемых к микроводорослям. Рассмотренные методики классифицируются по типу применения: скрининговые, количественные и профилирующие подходы, включая такие технологии, как экстракция растворителями, in situ и прямая этерификация, колориметрические тесты, спектроскопические методы (NIR, FTIR), а также хроматографические техники (ГХ, ВЭЖХ–МС/МС). Каждый метод оценивается по нескольким критериям, включая аналитическую точность, пропускную способность, требования к образцам, техническую сложность и потенциал стандартизации. Результаты обобщаются в виде сравнительных таблиц. Несмотря на высокую скорость и простоту применения, скрининговые инструменты (например, Nile Red, SPV) недостаточно точны и воспроизводимы. Количественные методы, такие как кислотно-катализируемая in situ этерификация в сочетании с газовой хроматографией, демонстрируют оптимальное соотношение точности и масштабируемости применения. Методы профилирования, включая ВЭЖХ–МС/МС, обеспечивают наивысшее молекулярное разрешение, но требуют значительных экономических и трудовых затрат. Обзор подчёркивает необходимость гармонизации методик и обсуждает компромиссы, связанные с выбором аналитического подхода в научных и прикладных целях. Предлагаются практические рекомендации по выбору наиболее подходящих методов в зависимости от контекста применения — от раннего скрининга до продвинутого липидомного профилирования.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.