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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2024-7-3-473-480</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-579</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The influence of the volume fraction of meat in dumplings on their cooking time</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние объемной доли мяса в  пельменях на время их приготовления</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5749-1427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Валерий Николаевич — кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, кафедра физики и методики преподавания физики физического факультета</p><p>460018, Оренбургская область, Оренбург, просп. Победы, 13</p><p>Тел.: +7–919–868–23–56</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery N. Makarov - Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Docent, Department of Physics and Methods of Teaching Physics, Faculty of Physics</p><p>13, Pobedy avenue, 460018, Orenburg</p><p>Tel.: +7–919–868–23–56</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">makarsvet13@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4087-8104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садыков</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadykov</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Садыков Александр Равильевич — ассистент, кафедра физики и методики преподавания физики физического факультета, аспирант, кафедра прикладной математики института математики и информационных технологий</p><p>460018, Оренбургская область, Оренбург, просп. Победы, 13</p><p>Тел.: +7–901–087–10–57</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr R.  Sadykov - Assistant, Department of Physics and Methods of Teaching Physics, Postgraduate student, Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Mathematics and Information Technologies </p><p>13, Pobedy avenue, 460018, Orenburg</p><p>Tel.: +7–901–087–10–57</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9074-3205</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Четверикова</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chetverikova</surname><given-names>D. C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Четверикова Дарья Константиновна — студент, кафедра химии химико-биологического факультета</p><p>460018, Оренбургская область, Оренбург, просп. Победы, 13</p><p>Тел.: +7–906–844–31–32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria С. Chetverikova - Student, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology</p><p>13, Pobedy avenue, 460018, Orenburg</p><p>Tel.: +7–906–844–31–32</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chetverikova_dar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Оренбургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>473</fpage><lpage>480</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Makarov V.N., Sadykov A.R., Chetverikova D.C., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макаров В.Н., Садыков А.Р., Четверикова Д.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarov V.N., Sadykov A.R., Chetverikova D.C.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/579">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/579</self-uri><abstract><p>Based on the studied literature, the aim was to investigate the influence of the volume fraction of meat in meat dumplings (pelmeni) and the number of dumplings on their cooking time, as well as to analyze the physico-mathematical and technical aspects to be taken into account (or not) within the framework of the planned experiment. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to conduct experimental studies, to describe the assumptions that need to be accepted when performing the study and to conduct theoretical studies (numerical experiments, using the finite element method). When conducting experiments, dumplings of well-known brands, the names of which were conventionally labeled as “SK”, “SZ”, “RE”, “TS”, were chosen as objects of research. The need to study the dumplings of well-known brands is justified by both consumer interest and a smaller variability of product parameters, which increases the reproducibility of the results of the study. As assumptions adopted in real experiments, the authors emphasize the following ones: distilled water is used in cooking, the volume of a dumpling does not change during cooking, the biochemical composition of the filling can be neglected. As a result of the theoretical analysis, the following assumptions were made: the study of dumpling cooking does not take into account the resistance forces, i. e., turbulent and convective flows, as well as thermo-elastic effects; the time of dumpling floating to the surface is negligibly small; "approximation of initial values" — geometric, physico-chemical parameters of the dumpling do not change during cooking. Cooking time of 1, 5, 10 dumplings of known brands was obtained on the basis of numerical experiments. Using real experiments, the time from immersion of the dumplings in water to their floating to the surface was investigated. As a result of numerical experiments it has been found that the time of heating the center of the dumpling of known brands to the temperature of protein denaturation differs from the time of floating to the surface by about 360 seconds. Consequently, after floating to the surface, the dumplings of known brands need about six more minutes of cooking time until they are fully cooked.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>На основании изученной литературы ставится цель: исследовать влияние объемной доли мяса в пельмене и количества пельменей на время их приготовления, а также провести анализ физико-математических и технических аспектов, которые необходимо учитывать (или не учитывать) в рамках намеченного исследования. Для достижения поставленной цели ставятся следующие задачи: провести экспериментальные исследования; описать допущения, которые необходимо принять при выполнении исследования; провести теоретические исследования (численные эксперименты, используя метод конечных элементов). Для проведения экспериментов в качестве объекта исследований были выбраны пельмени известных торговых марок, названия которых условно были обозначены как SK, SZ, RE, TS. Исследование пельменей известных торговых марок обусловлено как интересом потребителей, так и меньшей вариативностью параметров продукции, что повышает воспроизводимость результатов. В качестве допущений, принятых при натурных экспериментах, авторы выделяют следующие: при варке участвует дистиллированная вода; объем пельменя не меняется в процессе варки; биохимическим составом начинки возможно пренебречь. В результате теоретического анализа приняты следующие допущения: при исследовании варки пельменя не учитываются силы сопротивления, т. е. турбулентные и конвективные потоки, а также термоупругие эффекты; время всплытия пельменя пренебрежительно мало; «приближение о начальных значениях» — геометрические и физико-химические параметры пельменя не меняются в процессе готовки. Получено время приготовления 1, 5, 10 пельменей известных торговых марок на основе численных экспериментов. С помощью натурных экспериментов исследовано время с момента погружения пельменей в воду до их всплытия. В результате численных экспериментов выяснено, что время нагрева центра пельменя известных торговых марок до температуры денатурации белков отличается от времени всплытия примерно на 360 секунд. Следовательно, после всплытия пельменям известных торговых марок необходимо еще около 6 минут варки до полной готовности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>частица мяса  в тестовой оболочке</kwd><kwd>критериальный  подход</kwd><kwd>этапы  готовки</kwd><kwd>метод  конечных элементов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>meat semi-finished  product in dough</kwd><kwd>criterion approach</kwd><kwd>cooking steps</kwd><kwd>finite  element method</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глинкина, И. М., Рыжков, Е. И. (2020). Анализ современного состояния российского рынка мясных полуфабрикатов в тесте. 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