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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2024-7-3-420-426</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-572</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>World practice of wheat flour classification</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Мировая практика классификации пшеничной муки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7043-7924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баскаков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baskakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баскаков Андрей Владимирович — младший научный сотрудник, технологический отдел; Аспирант, кафедра кондитерских, сахаристых, субтропических и  пищевкусовых технологий</p><p>107023, Москва, ул. Электрозаводская, 20/3</p><p>125080, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 11</p><p>Тел.: +7–919–100–66–16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrew V. Baskakov - Junior Research, Technology Department; Graduate Student, Department of Confectionery, Sugar, Subtropical and Food Technologies</p><p>20/3, Elektrozavodskaya str., 107023, Moscow11, Volokolamskoe shosse, 125080, Moscow</p><p>Tel.: +7–919–100–66–16</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">labmki@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8176-1650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaytseva</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайцева Лариса Валентиновна — доктор технических наук, заведующая технологическим отделом</p><p>107023, Москва, ул. Электрозаводская, 20/3</p><p>Тел.: +7–495–962–17–35</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa V. Zaytseva - Doctor of Technical Science, Head of Department Technology</p><p>20/3, Elektrozavodskaya str., 107023, Moscow</p><p>Tel.: +7–495–962–17–35</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.zaytseva@fncps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-7972</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мистенева</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Misteneva</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мистенева Светлана Юрьевна — научный сотрудник, Технологический отдел</p><p>107023, Москва, ул. Электрозаводская, 20/3</p><p>Тел.: +7–495–962–17–35</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Yu.  Misteneva - Researcher, Technology department</p><p>20/3, Elektrozavodskaya str., 107023, Moscow</p><p>Tel.: +7–495–962–17–35</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlana_mst@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2511-172X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубан</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruban</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рубан Наталья Викторовна — кандидат технических наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой кондитерских, сахаристых, субтропических и пищевкусовых технологий</p><p>125080, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 11</p><p>Тел.: +7910 480–63–88</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Ruban - Candidate of Technical Science, Docent, Head of the Department of Confectionery, Sugar, Subtropical and Food Technologies</p><p>11, Volokolamskoe shosse, 125080, Moscow</p><p>Tel.: +7910 480–63–88</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">labmki@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт кондитерской промышленности; Российский биотехнологический университет» (РОСБИОТЕХ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Confectionery Industry; Russian Biotechnological University (BIOTECH University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт кондитерской промышленности</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Confectionery Industry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский биотехнологический университет» (РОСБИОТЕХ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Biotechnological University (BIOTECH University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>420</fpage><lpage>426</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Baskakov A.V., Zaytseva L.V., Misteneva S.Y., Ruban N.V., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баскаков А.В., Зайцева Л.В., Мистенева С.Ю., Рубан Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baskakov A.V., Zaytseva L.V., Misteneva S.Y., Ruban N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/572">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/572</self-uri><abstract><p>The paper presents a review of wheat classification accepted in various countries — producers of wheat and products of its processing (USA, Canada, Italy, France, Germany, China and others). Much attention is given to differences in the classification systems. Criteria for assigning wheat to certain classes based on physical and chemical properties of grain are examined. Differences in wheat classification by types, including morphological features and merits of grain such as size, color and gluten content, are highlighted. The authors discuss specific requirements and norms of wheat quality dictated by the regulatory authorities and requirements of the market of each country such as the mass fraction of moisture, content of impurities, density of grain and others. Based on the analysis of wheat classification in various world countries, it has been concluded that it is necessary to establish unified and generally accepted systems of wheat classification. This will allow simplifying international grain trade, make the market more transparent, strengthen trust between exporting and importing countries and will also facilitate the development of the international cooperation in the sphere of production and processing of wheat flour. Despite the wide assortment of flour confectionery products on the Russian market, baker’s flour of general purpose is mainly produced in the country. Its specific feature is a high content of flour from hard wheat varieties that are distinguished by higher protein content, strong gluten and large particle size. By its properties, this flour is not suitable for production of most flour confectionery products. Flour confectionery products produced from it are significantly inferior to import analogues in terms of their quality characteristics, which reduces their competitiveness. This dictates the need for the development of a standard for flour intended for production of confectionery products, which will include physico-chemical indicators for various flour types with consideration for their purpose.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья посвящена обзору классификаций пшеницы, принятых в различных странах-производителях пшеницы и продуктов ее переработки (США, Канада, Италия, Франция, Германия, Китай и др.). Большое внимание уделено различиям в системах классификаций, рассмотрены критерии отнесения пшеницы к определенным классам, основанные на физических и химических свойствах зерна. Выделяются различия в классификации пшеницы по типам, включая морфологические особенности и достоинства зерна, такие как размер, цвет и содержание клейковины. Рассмотрены специфические требования и нормы качества пшеницы, продиктованные регуляторными органами и требованиями рынка каждой страны, такие как показатели массовой доли влаги, содержание примесей, плотность зерна и др. На основании анализа классификаций пшеницы в различных странах мира сделан вывод о необходимости установления единых и общепризнанных систем классификаций пшеницы. Это позволит упростить международную торговлю зерном, сделает рынок более прозрачным, укрепит доверие между странами-экспортерами и импортерами, а также будет способствовать развитию международного сотрудничества в  сфере производства и  переработки пшеничной муки. Несмотря на широкий ассортимент мучных кондитерских изделий на российском рынке, в стране выпускается преимущественно хлебопекарная мука общего назначения. Ее особенность — высокое содержание муки из твердозерных сортов пшеницы, отличающейся повышенным содержанием белка, сильной клейковиной и крупным размером частиц. По своим свойствам эта мука не подходит для производства большинства мучных кондитерских изделий. Произведенные из нее мучные кондитерские изделия существенно уступают по своим качественным характеристикам импортным аналогам, что снижает их конкурентоспособность. Это диктует потребность в разработке стандарта на муку для производства кондитерских изделий, в котором будут прописаны физико-химические показатели для различных типов муки с учетом их целевого назначения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мука</kwd><kwd>пшеничная  мука</kwd><kwd>мучные  кондитерские изделия</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>качество</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>flour</kwd><kwd>wheat flour</kwd><kwd>flour confectionery</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>quality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pagani, M. A. Marti, A., Bottega, G. (2014). 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