foodsystFood systemsПищевые системы2618-97712618-7272Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН10.21323/2618-9771-2024-7-3-394-402foodsyst-567Research ArticleСтатьиMicroplastics: Features of appearance, identification methods (subject review)Микропластики: особенности появления, методы идентификации (предметный обзор)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6342-7218МяленкоД. М.MyalenkoD. M.

Мяленко Дмитрий Михайлович — кандидат технических наук, заведующий Лабораторией технологий упаковки

115093, Москва, Люсиновская, 35/7

Тел.: +7–916–854–18–24

Dmitry M. Myalenko - Candidate of Technical Sciences, Head of Packaging Sector

35/7, Lucinovskaya str., Moscow

Tel.: +7–916–854–18–24

d_myalenko@vnimi.orgВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт молочной промышленностиРоссияAll-Russian Dairy Research InstituteRussian Federation20242310202473394402Copyright © Myalenko D.M., 20242024Мяленко Д.М.Myalenko D.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/567

Polymer packaging materials have become firmly embedded in our way of life. They are used in the manufacture of household items, as well as in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and automotive industries. Production and application of polymer packaging are expanding rapidly encompassing various spheres of the industry. According to Plastics Europe Market Research Group (PEMRG), global plastics production reached 348 million tons in 2017 and is likely to reach 33 billion tons by 2050. At the same time, about 26 million tons of plastic waste are generated annually on the territory of the European Union (EU), of which only 30% is collected for recycling. Despite this, in many countries of the world, including Russia, more than 50% of polymer materials are disposed of at landfills, where under the influence of external environmental factors (temperature, humidity), their destruction occurs with the formation of huge quantities of micro- and nanoplastics. Most people do not consider the environmental problems associated with microplastics to be serious. However, many studies aimed at in-depth study of this problem have proved that micro- and nanoplastics have significant negative effects on terrestrial and marine animals, as well as on human health, whether directly or indirectly. The identification of microplastics in various model environments and living systems is usually based on the use of infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectrophotometry. Each of the methods has its advantages and disadvantages, mainly related to sample preparation to improve the accuracy of identification. This review is devoted to the problem of formation and identification of microplastics in various natural objects.

Полимерные упаковочные материалы стали неотъемлемой частью нашей жизни — они используются в  производстве предметов быта, в фармацевтике, в химической и в автомобильной отрасли. Производство и применение полимерной упаковки стремительно расширяются, охватывая различные сферы промышленности. По данным Plastics Europe Market Research Group (PEMRG), мировое производство пластмасс достигло 348 миллионов тонн в 2017 году и, вероятно, достигнет 33 миллиардов тонн к 2050 году. При этом ежегодно на территории Европейского союза (ЕС) образуется около 26 миллионов тонн пластиковых отходов, из которых только 30% поступает на вторичную обработку. Несмотря на это, во многих странах мира, в том числе в России, более 50% полимерных материалов утилизируются на полигонах, где под воздействием внешних факторов окружающей среды (температура, влажность) происходит ее разрушение с образованием большого количества микро- и нанопластиков. Большинство людей не считают экологические проблемы, связанные с микропластиком, серьезными. Однако многие работы, направленные на глубокое изучение данной проблемы, доказали, что микро- и нанопластик оказывают значительное негативное воздействие на наземных и морских животных, а также на здоровье человека, будь то прямо или косвенно. Идентификация микропластиков в различных модельных средах и живых системах, как правило, основана на использовании инфракрасной спектроскопии и рамановской спектрофотометрии. Каждый из методов имеет свои достоинства и недостатки, связанные в основном с пробоподготовкой для повышения точности идентификации. Настоящий обзор посвящен проблеме образования и идентификации микропластиков в различных природных объектах.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.