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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2024-7-3-345-354</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-560</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Technological aspects of managing the structural and mechanical properties of wheat bread crumb</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Технологические аспекты управления структурно-механическими свойствами мякиша пшеничного хлеба</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3560-1901</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>В. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>V. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черных Валерий Яковлевич — доктор технических наук, профессор, руководитель центра реологии пищевых сред, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>107553, Москва, ул. Б. Черкизовская, 26 А</p><p>Тел: +7–499–161–04–97</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery Ya. Chernykh - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Center for Rheology of Food Media, Chief Researcher</p><p>26 A, B. Cherkizovskaya Str., Moscow, 107553</p><p>Tel: +7–499–161–04–97</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polybiotest@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6208-0999</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеенко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеенко Елена Викторовна — доктор технических наук, профессор, заместитель директора по работе с индустриальными партнерами, Институт биотехнологии и глобального здоровья</p><p>125080, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 11</p><p>Тел: +7–499–750–01–11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Alekseenko - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director for Work with Industrial Partners, Institute of Biotechnology and Global Health</p><p>11, Volokolamsk highway, Moscow, 125080</p><p>Tel: +7–499–750–01–11</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AlekseenkoEV@mgupp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7214-5574</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сметанин</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smetanin</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сметанин Дмитрий Олегович  — младший научный сотрудник, центр реологии пищевых сред; Аспирант</p><p>107553, Москва, ул. Б. Черкизовская, 26 А125080, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 11</p><p>Тел: +7–499–161–04–97</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry O. Smetanin - Junior Researcher, Center for Rheology of Food  Media; Postgraduate Student</p><p>26 A, B. Cherkizovskaya Str., Moscow, 107553</p><p>11, Volokolamsk Highway, Moscow, 125080</p><p>Tel: +7–499–161–04–97</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimkapers35@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-8846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балуян</surname><given-names>Х. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baluyan</surname><given-names>Kh. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балуян Хачатур Александрович — кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник, центр реологии пищевых сред</p><p>107553, Москва, ул. Б. Черкизовская, 26 А</p><p>Тел: +7–499–161–04–97</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khachatur A. Baluyan - Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Center for Rheology of Food Media</p><p>26 A, B. Cherkizovskaya Str., Moscow, 107553</p><p>Tel: +7–499–161–04–97</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kh.baluyan@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9039-7368</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печникова</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pechnikova</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Печникова Юлия Юрьевна — младший научный сотрудник, центр реологии пищевых сред; Аспирант</p><p>107553, Москва, ул. Б. Черкизовская, 26А125080, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 11</p><p>Тел: +7–499–161–04–97</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia Yu. Pechnikova -  Junior Researcher, Center for Rheology of Food Media; Postgraduate Student</p><p>26A, B. Cherkizovskaya Str., Moscow, 10755311, Volokolamsk Highway, Moscow, 125080</p><p>Tel: +7–499–161–04–97</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yu.pechnikova@gosniihp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт хлебопекарной промышленности</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Institute for the Baking Industry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский биотехнологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт хлебопекарной промышленности; Российский биотехнологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Institute for the Baking Industry; Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>345</fpage><lpage>354</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Chernykh V.Y., Alekseenko E.V., Smetanin D.O., Baluyan K.A., Pechnikova Y.Y., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черных В.Я., Алексеенко Е.В., Сметанин Д.О., Балуян Х.А., Печникова Ю.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernykh V.Y., Alekseenko E.V., Smetanin D.O., Baluyan K.A., Pechnikova Y.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/560">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/560</self-uri><abstract><p>This work is dedicated to the study of the structural-mechanical properties of wheat bread crumb 12 hours after baking and then every 24 hours during 108 hours of storage. The basis of this investigation was the study of the starch retrogradation process, which is a transfer of the amorphous structure of starch grains into the crystalline state, which predetermines an increase in the values of the hardness parameters and hardness index. The aim of the work was investigation of an effect of the state of carbohydrate-amylase and protein-proteinase complex of wheat flour by introduction of wheat malt and dry gluten on the structural-mechanical properties of crumb of bakery products and their staling rate during storage. In this study, the authors used baker’s wheat flour of the highest grade, wheat malt, dry gluten, bread from baker’s wheat flour of the highest grade that was made using the straight dough method by the experimental laboratory baking. The authors established an effect of dosing wheat malt and dry wheat gluten on changes in the water absorption of wheat dough in the process of mixing, on its rheological properties, on the structural-mechanical properties of crumb of wheat bread made by the experimental laboratory baking as well as on the rate of its staling during storage. The optimal dosage of wheat malt was 5%, which ensured the falling number equal to 235 s. The dose of dry gluten of 3% ensured the total gluten content in dough of 31.3%, dough moisture of 43.1% and dough consistency equal to 640 FU. Simultaneous introduction of wheat malt and dry wheat gluten ensured a decrease in the hardness index of wheat bread crumb by 55% and the rate of its staling by 3.3 times.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Данная работа посвящена исследованию структурно-механических свойств мякиша пшеничного хлеба через 12 часов после выпечки и далее через каждые 24 часа в течение 108 часов хранения. В основе данного исследования лежит изучение процесса ретроградации крахмала, который представляет собой переход аморфной структуры зерен крахмала в кристаллическое состояние, что предопределяет повышение значений показателей твердости и индекса твердости мякиша. Целью работы является исследование влияния состояния углеводно-амилазного и белково-протеиназного комплекса пшеничной муки посредством внесения солода пшеничного и сухой клейковины на структурно-механические свойства мякиша хлебобулочных изделий и на скорость их черствения при хранении. В данной работе используются мука пшеничная хлебопекарная высшего сорта, солод пшеничный, клейковина сухая, хлеб из муки пшеничной хлебопекарной высшего сорта, изготовленный безопарным способом посредством проведения пробной лабораторной выпечки. В статье установлено влияние дозировки пшеничного солода и сухой пшеничной клейковины на изменение водопоглощения пшеничного теста в процессе замеса, на его реологические свойства, на структурно-механические характеристики мякиша пшеничного хлеба, изготовленного при проведении пробной лабораторной выпечки, а также на скорость его черствения при хранении. Оптимальная дозировка пшеничного солода составила 5%, что обеспечило число падения, равное 235 с. Дозировка сухой клейковины 3% обеспечила общее содержание клейковины в тесте 31,3%, влажность теста 43,1% и консистенцию теста, равную 640 е.Ф. Совместное внесение пшеничного солода и сухой пшеничной клейковины обеспечили уменьшение индекса твердости мякиша пшеничного хлеба на 55% и скорости его черствения в 3,3 раза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пшеничная мука</kwd><kwd>автолитическая  активность</kwd><kwd>солод пшеничный</kwd><kwd>сухая клейковина</kwd><kwd>пшеничный хлеб</kwd><kwd>индекс твердости</kwd><kwd>скорость черствения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wheat flour</kwd><kwd>autolytic  activity</kwd><kwd>wheat malt</kwd><kwd>dry gluten</kwd><kwd>wheat  bread</kwd><kwd>hardness index</kwd><kwd>staling rate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Носова, М. В., Дремучева, Г. Ф., Костюченко, М. Н., Смирнова, С. А. (2019). Влияние мультиэнзимной композиции на степень черствости батонов нарезных из пшеничной хлебопекарной муки высшего сорта. 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