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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2024-7-2-276-281</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-497</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Formation of cheese pattern when using monospecies cultures</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Формирование рисунка сыров при использовании моновидовых культур</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9586-3786</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свириденко</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sviridenko</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свириденко Галина Михайловна — доктор технических наук, главный научный сотрудник, руководитель направления микробиологических исследований молока и молочных продуктов.</p><p>152613, Ярославская область, Углич, Красноармейский бульвар, 19</p><p>Teл.: +7-485-325-48-64</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina M. Sviridenko - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Leading Researcher, Head of Research Department of Microbiology, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking.</p><p>19, Krasnoarmeysky Boulevard, Uglich, 152613, Yaroslavl Region</p><p>Tel.: +7-485-325-48-64</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.sviridenko@fncps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7665-8517</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шухалова</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shukhalova</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шухалова Ольга Михайловна — младший научный сотрудник, отдел микробиологии.</p><p>152613, Ярославская область, Углич, Красноармейский бульвар, 19</p><p>Teл.: +7-485-329-81-52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga M. Shukhalova - Junior Researcher, Department of Microbiology, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter and Cheesemaking.</p><p>19, Krasnoarmeysky Boulevard, Uglich, 152613, Yaroslavl Region</p><p>Tel.: +7-485-329-81-52</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.shukhalova@fncps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-0960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вахрушева</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vakhrusheva</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вахрушева Дарья Сергеевна — младший научный сотрудник, отдел микробиологии.</p><p>152613, Ярославская область, Углич, Красноармейский бульвар, 19</p><p>Teл.: +7-485-329-81-52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darya S. Vakhrusheva - Junior Researcher, Department of Microbiology, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter and Cheesemaking.</p><p>19, Krasnoarmeysky Boulevard, Uglich, 152613, Yaroslavl Region</p><p>Tel.: +7-485-329-81-52</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.vakhrusheva@fncps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2145-1439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамыкин</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamykin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мамыкин Денис Станиславович — младший научный сотрудник, отдел микробиологии.</p><p>152613, Ярославская область, Углич, Красноармейский бульвар, 19</p><p>Teл.: +7-485-329-81-52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis S. Mamykin - Junior Researcher, Department of Microbiology, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter and Cheesemaking.</p><p>19, Krasnoarmeysky Boulevard, Uglich, 152613, Yaroslavl Region</p><p>Tel.: +7-485-329-81-52</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.mamykin@fncps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт маслоделия и сыроделия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>276</fpage><lpage>281</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Sviridenko G.M., Shukhalova O.M., Vakhrusheva D.S., Mamykin D.S., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Свириденко Г.М., Шухалова О.М., Вахрушева Д.С., Мамыкин Д.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sviridenko G.M., Shukhalova O.M., Vakhrusheva D.S., Mamykin D.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/497">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/497</self-uri><abstract><p>The article presents the results of a study of the influence of monospecies gas-aroma-forming cultures Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis (L. diacetylactis) and Leuconostoc subsp. on the peculiarities of pattern formation in cheeses with a low second heating temperature molded from a layer. The studied cultures were used at a dose of 0.6% of the total milk volume as as single starter microflora in the model cheeses (1-M and 2-M) and additional microflora along with the main lactococcal microflora (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis; Lactococcus cremoris) in the control cheeses (1-K and 2-K). The model and control cheeses were subjected to microbiological tests (total number of lactic acid microorganisms, number of L. diacetylactis and Leuconostoc subsp.), physicochemical (mass fraction of moisture, pH), biochemical (mass fraction of lactose) and organoleptic studies after pressing and during ripening at the age of 15, 30, 45, 60 days. It has been established that the use of a culture of citrate-fermenting lactococci L. diacetylactis ensures a stable lactic acid fermentation process during the production and ripening of the model and control cheeses, the formation of an elastic consistency and the desired pattern with eyes of a regular round shape. The use of the hetero-fermentative culture Leuconostoc subsp., as single starter microflora, does not guarantee the required level of lactic acid fermentation during cheese production and leads to an increase in the moisture content of the cheese mass after pressing and overacidification of the cheese in the first stages of ripening, which together contributes to the formation of an overly plastic consistency and an overdeveloped pattern in the form of cracks. The use of Leuconostoc subsp. as a gas-aroma-forming component of a traditional starter culture for semi-hard cheeses, also consisting of mesophilic lactococci Lc. lactis subsp. lactis and Lc. cremoris, causes the development of a nest-like pattern, which does not fully ensure the formation of the desired pattern with regular rounded eyes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлены результаты исследования влияния моновидовых газо-ароматообразующих культур Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis (L. diacetylactis) и Leuconostoc subsp. на особенности формирования рисунка в сырах с низкой температурой второго нагревания, формуемых из пласта. Исследуемые культуры использовались в дозе 0,6% от общего объема молока в качестве самостоятельной микрофлоры в модельных сырах (1-М и 2-М) и дополнительной микрофлоры наряду с основной лактококковой микрофлорой (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis; Lactococcus cremoris) в контрольных сырах (1-К и 2-К). Модельные и контрольные сыры подвергались микробиологическим (общее количество молочнокислых микроорганизмов, количество L. diacetylactis и Leuconostoc subsp.), физико-химическим (массовая доля влаги рН), биохимическим (массовая доля лактозы) и органолептическим исследованиям после прессования и в процессе созревания в возрасте 15, 30, 45, 60 суток. Установлено, что использование культуры цитратсбраживающих лактококков L. diacetylactis обеспечивает стабильный молочнокислый процесс во время выработки и созревания модельных и контрольных сыров, формирование эластичной консистенции и искомого рисунка с глазками правильной округлой формы. Применение гетероферментативной культуры Leuconostoc subsp. в качестве самостоятельной микрофлоры не гарантирует достижения требуемого уровня молочнокислого брожения во время выработки сыра, приводит к повышению влажности сырной массы после прессования и к перекисанию сыра на первых этапах созревания. Перечисленные факторы способствуют формированию излишне пластичной консистенции и переразвитого рисунка в виде трещин. Использование Leuconostoc subsp. как газо-ароматообразующего компонента традиционной закваски для полутвердых сыров, состоящей также из мезофильных лактококков Lc. lactis subsp. lactis и Lc. cremoris, обуславливает развитие гнездовидного рисунка, что в полной мере не обеспечивает формирование желаемого рисунка с правильными округлыми глазками.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сыры</kwd><kwd>рисунок</kwd><kwd>бактериальная закваска</kwd><kwd>газо-ароматообразующие культуры</kwd><kwd>Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis</kwd><kwd>Leuconostoc subsp.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cheeses</kwd><kwd>pattern</kwd><kwd>bacterial starter</kwd><kwd>gas-aroma-forming cultures</kwd><kwd>Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis</kwd><kwd>Leuconostoc subsp.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения исследований по государственному заданию № FGUS-2024-0008 ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова» РАН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared as part of research under state assignment No. FGUS-2024-0008 of the the V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McSweeney, P. L. H., Ottogalli, G., Fox, P. F. (2004). Diversity of cheese varieties: An overview. Chapter in a book: Cheese: chemistry, physics and microbiology (Vol.2). Elsevier, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-558X(04)80037-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McSweeney, P. L. H., Ottogalli, G., Fox, P. F. (2004). Diversity of cheese varieties: An overview. Chapter in a book: Cheese: chemistry, physics and microbiology (Vol.2). 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