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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2024-7-2-282-287</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-494</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Methodological approaches to gene identification of tea raw materials and raw material composition of tea-based soft drinks</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Методологические подходы к геноидентификации чайного сырья и сырьевого состава безалкогольных напиток на основе чая</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0914-0053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вафин</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vafin</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вафин Рамиль Ришадович — доктор биологических наук, профессор РАН, заместитель заведующего, Межотраслевой научно-технический центр мониторинга качества пищевых продуктов.</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 7</p><p>Тел.: +7-937-778-88-21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ramil R. Vafin - Doctor of Biological Science, Professor of RAS, Deputy Head, Intersectoral Scientific and Technical Center for Monitoring the Quality of Food Products, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Brewing, Beverage and Wine Industry.</p><p>7, Rossolimo Str., 119021, Moscow</p><p>Tel.: +7-937-778-88-21</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vafin-ramil@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-1043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михайлова Ирина Юрьевна — научный сотрудник, Межотраслевой научно-технический центр мониторинга качества пищевых продуктов.</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 7</p><p>Тел.: +7-916-250-88-76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Yu. Mikhailova - Researcher, Intersectoral Scientific and Technical Center for Monitoring the Quality of Food Products, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Brewing, Beverage and Wine Industry.</p><p>7, Rossolimo Str., 119021, Moscow</p><p>Tel.: +7-916-250-88-76</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina-mikhailova54@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5667-1335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агейкина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ageykina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агейкина Ирина Игоревна — младший научный сотрудник, Межотраслевой научно-технический центр мониторинга качества пищевых продуктов.</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 7</p><p>Тел.: +7-915-101-75-84</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina I. Ageykina - Yunior Researcher, Intersectoral Scientific and Technical Center for Monitoring the Quality of Food Products, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Brewing, Beverage and Wine Industry.</p><p>7, Rossolimo Str., 119021, Moscow</p><p>Tel.: +7-915-101-75-84</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agira_@ro.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт пивоваренной, безалкогольной и винодельческой промышленности</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Brewing, Beverage and Wine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>282</fpage><lpage>287</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Vafin R.R., Mikhailova I.Y., Ageykina I.I., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вафин Р.Р., Михайлова И.Ю., Агейкина И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vafin R.R., Mikhailova I.Y., Ageykina I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/494">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/494</self-uri><abstract><p>Tea or tea shrub is a plant of the Camellia sinensis species, the leaves of which, previously prepared in a special way, are the traditional raw material for the production of tea products. Varietal gene identification of tea allows us to increase the level of assessment of the authenticity of tea raw materials and tea products. It is predominantly based on DNA technologies for the detection and interpretation of SNP markers (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism), represented by a wide arsenal of both expensive high-tech methods and publicly available laboratory approaches. Species gene identification of the raw material composition of tea-based soft drinks is an equally important area of research due to the risk of falsification of this type of product. The purpose of this study was to find methodological approaches to the varietal gene identification of tea raw materials and to the species gene identification of the raw material composition of tea-based soft drinks. As a result of a bioinformatics study to identify polymorphic restriction sites in the nucleotide sequences of Camellia sinensis genome loci, diagnostically significant restriction enzymes were selected that were capable of detecting SNPs and identifying tea genotypes using the analyzed markers. At the same time, 16 loci had potential for practical application, of which 11 belonged to the group of the most informative SNP markers. A post-analytical assessment of tea varieties was carried out with them regarding their genotypic affiliation and identifiability as part of solving the first task of the study. To achieve the second task, a molecular genetic approach to the species identification of the raw composition of soft drinks based on green tea was tested. The study included the analysis of experimental drinks (with natural flavoring “Lemon” and synthetic flavoring “Peach 716”), as well as commercial concentrates “TIAKVA” (based on extracts from the coarse stems of green or black tea). The methods used in the work were PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) and direct sequencing of the amplified chloroplast DNA locus. The combination of two methods (PCR and sequencing) showed its effectiveness in establishing the belonging of the analyzed nucleic acid samples to the Camellia sinensis species, the raw material base of the studied drinks and concentrates. However, to unlock the authentication potential of PCR with primers #1 and #2 combined with RFLP analysis, it will be necessary to select diagnostically significant restriction enzymes suitable for generating species-specific combinations of PCR-RFLP profiles of marker sequence.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Чай, чайный куст, или камелия китайская — растение вида Camellia sinensis, листья которого, предварительно подготовленные специальным образом, являются традиционным сырьем для производства чайной продукции. Сортовая геноидентификация чая позволяет повысить уровень оценки подлинности чайного сырья и чайной продукции. Она преимущественно базируется на ДНК-технологиях детекции и интерпретации SNP-маркеров (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism — однонуклеотидный полиморфизм), представленных широким арсеналом как дорогостоящих высокотехнологичных методов, так и общедоступных лабораторных подходов. Видовая геноидентификация сырьевого состава безалкогольных напитков на основе чая является не менее важным направлением исследования в связи с риском фальсификации данного вида продукции. Цель настоящего исследования заключалась в изыскании методологических подходов к сортовой геноидентификации чайного сырья и к видовой геноидентификации сырьевого состава безалкогольных напитков на основе чая. В результате проведенного биоинформационного исследования по выявлению полиморфных сайтов рестрикции в нуклеотидных последовательностях локусов генома Camellia sinensis были подобраны диагностически значимые рестриктазы, способные к детекции SNPs и к идентификации генотипов чая по анализируемым маркерам. При этом потенциалом практического применения обладали 16 локусов, из которых 11 относились к группе наиболее информативных SNP-маркеров. С ними и была проведена постаналитическая оценка сортов чая на предмет их генотипической принадлежности и идентифицируемости в рамках решения первой задачи исследования. Для реализации второй задачи был протестирован молекулярно-генетический подход к видовой идентификации сырьевого состава безалкогольных напитков на основе зеленого чая. Исследование включало анализ экспериментальных напитков (с натуральным ароматизатором «Лимон» и синтетическим ароматизатором «Персик 716»), а также коммерческих концентратов «ТИАКВА» (на основе экстрактов из огрубелых стеблей зеленого или черного чая). В работе использовались методы ПЦР (полимеразная цепная реакция), ПДРФ (полиморфизм длин рестрикционных фрагментов) и прямого секвенирования амплифицированного локуса хлоропластной ДНК. Сочетание двух методов (ПЦР и секвенирование) показало свою эффективность в установлении принадлежности анализируемых образцов нуклеиновых кислот к виду Camellia sinensis — сырьевой основы исследованных напитков и концентратов. Однако для раскрытия аутентификационного потенциала ПЦР с праймерами #1 и #2, совмещенного с ПДРФ-анализом, потребуется подбор диагностически значимых рестриктаз, пригодных для генерации видоспецифичных комбинаций ПЦР-ПДРФ-профилей маркерной последовательности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Camellia sinensis</kwd><kwd>чай</kwd><kwd>напитки</kwd><kwd>SNPs</kwd><kwd>ДНК-маркеры</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>ПДРФ</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>геноидентификация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Camellia sinensis</kwd><kwd>tea</kwd><kwd>drinks</kwd><kwd>SNPs</kwd><kwd>DNA markers</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>RFLP</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>gene identification</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Федеральной программы «Научное обоснование проектирования технологий новых видов напитков на основе изучения характеристических особенностей традиционного и нетрадиционного сырья растительного происхождения» FGUS-2022-0012. Авторы статьи выражают благодарность ведущим инженерам-исследователям лаборатории технологии безалкогольных напитков и минеральных вод ВНИИПБиВП — филиала ФНЦ пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН, кандидату технических наук Соболевой Ольге Александровне и Ковалевой Ирине Львовне за предоставленные для исследования образцы приготовленных ими экспериментальных безалкогольных напитков на основе зеленого чая с натуральным ароматизатором «Лимон» и синтетическим ароматизатором «Персик 716».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the Federal program “Scientific substantiation of the design of technologies for new types of drinks based on the study of the characteristic features of traditional and non-traditional raw materials of plant origin” FGUS-2022-0012. The authors of the article express their gratitude to the leading research engineers of the laboratory of technology of soft drinks and mineral waters of VNIIPBiVP — a branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Food Systems named after. V.M. Gorbatova RAS, Candidate of Technical Sciences Soboleva Olga Aleksandrovna and Kovaleva Irina Lvovna for providing for research samples of experimental soft drinks they prepared based on green tea with natural flavoring “Lemon” and synthetic flavoring “Peach 716”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ding, Y., Huang, H., Cui, H., Wang, X., Zhao, Y. (2023). A non-destructive method for identification of tea plant cultivars based on deep learning. Forests, 14(4), Article 728. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14040728</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ding, Y., Huang, H., Cui, H., Wang, X., Zhao, Y. 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