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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2024-7-1-125-136</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-420</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Prediction of enzyme action for extraction of antimicrobial substances from Sus scrofa and Bos taurus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прогнозирование действия энзимов для извлечения веществ с антимикробной направленностью действия из организмов Sus scrofa и Bos taurus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2719-9649</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полищук</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polishchuk</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полищук Екатерина Константиновна — младший научный сотрудник, Экспериментальная клиника-лаборатория биологически активных веществ животного происхождения109316, Москва, ул. Талалихина, 26Teл.: +7–495–676–95–11 (доб.129)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina K. Polishchuk, Junior Researcher, Experimental Clinic — Research Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances of an Animal Origin</p><p>26, Talalikhina str., 109316, Moscow, RussiaTel.: +7–495–676–95–11 (129)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.politchuk@fncps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-8115</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котенкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotenkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котенкова Елена Александровна — кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник, Экспериментальная клиника- лаборатория биологически активных веществ животного происхождения109316, Москва, ул. Талалихина, 26Тел.: +7–495–676–92–11 (доб.129)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Kotenkova, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Experimental Clinic — Research Laboratory of Biologically Active Substancesof an Animal Origin</p><p>26, Talalikhina str., 109316, Moscow, RussiaTel.: +7–495–676–95–11 (129)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lazovlena92@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Polishchuk E.K., Kotenkova E.A., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полищук Е.К., Котенкова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polishchuk E.K., Kotenkova E.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/420">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/420</self-uri><abstract><p>The study of antimicrobial compounds of animal origin, particularly antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), is a current research topic. However, extracting endogenous AMPs is a challenging process and requires the application of targeted enzymatic processing principles based on knowledge of the structure of prepropeptide molecules — precursors of AMPs. In this study, a search was conducted for antimicrobial peptides present in Sus scrofa and Bos taurus organisms, as well as their precursors, using The Antimicrobial Peptide Database and UniProtKB databases. In the amino acid sequences of prepropeptides, the sequences of the mature peptides were found, and cleavage sites for trypsin, bacterial collagenase (type I), and neutrophil elastase were determined. As a result of the search for antimicrobial compounds in The Antimicrobial Peptide Database, 18 antimicrobial peptides from Sus scrofa and 40 antimicrobial peptides from Bos taurus were identified. Based on the results of determining cleavage sites in AMP precursors, enzymes were ranked from less preferred to more preferred for AMP release as follows: bacterial collagenase (type I) ≤ trypsin &lt; neutrophil elastase. This order is justified not only by the number of suitable cleavage sites and their accuracy but also by the action of enzymes within mature AMPs: it is important to consider that enzymes can “cut” the peptides themselves, thereby reducing their antimicrobial activity. The bioinformatics analysis conducted is applicable for both primary screening of raw material potential and determining of suitable enzymes for extracting antimicrobial compounds from Sus scrofa and Bos taurus organisms.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Изучение антимикробных соединений животного происхождения, в частности антимикробных пептидов (АМП), является актуальной темой исследований в последнее время. Тем не менее извлечение эндогенных АМП является затруднительным процессом и требует применения принципов направленной энзиматической обработки на основании знаний о строении препропептидных молекул — предшественников АМП. В данной работе был проведен поиск присутствующих в организмах Sus scrofa и Bos taurus антимикробных пептидов, а также их предшественников с помощью баз данных The Antimicrobial Peptide Database и UniProtKB. В аминокислотных последовательностях препропептидов находили последовательность зрелого пептида и определяли сайты расщепления для трипсина, бактериальной коллагеназы (тип I) и нейтрофильной эластазы. По итогам поиска антимикробных соединений в базе данных The Antimicrobial Peptide Database было выявлено 18 антимикробных пептидов Sus scrofa и 40 антимикробных пептидов Bos taurus. Согласно результатам определения сайтов расщепления в предшественниках АМП, энзимы были распределены от менее предпочтительного к более предпочтительному для высвобождения АМП следующим образом: бактериальная коллагеназа (тип I) ≤ трипсин &lt; нейтрофильная эластаза. Такой порядок обоснован не только количеством подходящих сайтов расщепления и их точностью, но и действием ферментов внутри зрелых АМП: важно учитывать, что энзимы могут «разрезать» сами пептиды, снижая тем самым их антимикробную активность. Проведенный биоинформатический анализ применим как для осуществления первичного скрининга потенциала сырья, так и для определения подходящих энзимов с целью извлечения антимикробных соединений из организмов Sus scrofa и Bos taurus.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антимикробные пептиды</kwd><kwd>трипсин</kwd><kwd>эластаза</kwd><kwd>коллагеназа</kwd><kwd>сайт расщепления</kwd><kwd>препропептид</kwd><kwd>биоинформатический анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antimicrobial peptides</kwd><kwd>trypsin</kwd><kwd>elastase</kwd><kwd>collagenase</kwd><kwd>cleavage site</kwd><kwd>prepropeptide</kwd><kwd>bioinformatic analysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено в рамках темы НИР FGUS-2024–0003 государственного задания ФГБНУ «ФНЦ пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова» РАН.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The article was published as part of the research topic No. FGUS-2024–0003 of the state assignment of the V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saga, T., Yamaguchi, K. (2009). History of antimicrobial agents and resistant bacteria. Japan Medical Association Journal, 52(2), 103–108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saga, T., Yamaguchi, K. (2009). History of antimicrobial agents and resistant bacteria. Japan Medical Association Journal, 52(2), 103–108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gensini, G. F., Conti, A. A., Lippi, D. (2007). 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