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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2024-7-1-91-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-416</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Feeding ration of yaks of the Kyrgyz population and its influence on the biochemical composition of milk</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рацион кормления яков кыргызской популяции и его влияние на биохимический состав молока</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8367-4080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саалиева</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saalieva</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саалиева А. Н. — старший преподаватель, кафедра «Технология продуктов общественного питания»720044, Бишкек, проспект Ч. Айтматова, 66Тел.: +996–555–745–041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Altynai N. Saalieva, Senior Lecturer, Department «Technology of Public Catering Products»66 Ch. Aitmatov Ave., BishkekTel.: +996–555–745–041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">altynay.saalieva.76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6597-4234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усубалиева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usubalieva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Усубалиева А. М. — кандидат химических наук, доцент, кафедра «Пищевая инженерия»720044, Бишкек, проспект Ч. Айтматова, 56Tel.: +996–555–917676</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aigul M. Usubalieva, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Docent, Department “Food Engineering”56 Ch. Aitmatov Ave., Bishkek, 720044Тел.: +996–555–917–676</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ausubalieva@manas.edu.kg</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4205-2875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусульманова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musulmanova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мусульманова М. М. — доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой «Технология производства продуктов питания»720044, Бишкек, проспект Ч. Айтматова, 66Тел.: +996–555–939–984</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mukarama M. Musulmanova, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department Food Production Technology</p><p>66 Ch. Aitmatov Ave., BishkekTel.: +996–555–939–984</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmusulmanova@kstu.kg</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кыргызский государственный технический университет им. И. Раззакова</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. Razzakov Kyrgyz State Technical University</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кыргызско-Турецкий университет «Манас»</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Saalieva A.N., Usubalieva A.M., Musulmanova M.M., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саалиева А.Н., Усубалиева А.М., Мусульманова М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saalieva A.N., Usubalieva A.M., Musulmanova M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/416">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/416</self-uri><abstract><p>Yaks are the large herbivorous ruminants that live in high mountain pastures at altitudes from 2,000 to 4,000 m above sea level. This environment is quite harsh, and yaks calmly tolerate extreme cold — down to minus 40 ºС. The main food of yaks are herbaceous plants, the vegetation season of which in a cold mountain climate is short, about 3–4 months, and therefore they feed mostly on wilted pasture, which is, in principle, sufficient for these animals. At the end of winter, when the amount of pasture feed decreases, the animals become malnourished and lose weight. Therefore, yak farmers often face the need to feed their animals in winter. A complete ration of an animal, along with other factors, has a significant impact on the composition of milk and its productive ability. The aim of the work is to study the chemical composition, in particular the protein fraction, of the milk of yaks living in the mountainous regions of Kyrgyzstan in comparison with the milk of yaks from different regions of the world. The object of the study was milk of yaks inhabiting the highland regions of Naryn province of Kyrgyzstan. Samples were collected and tested according to standard methods. Studies have shown that the milk of yaks from the Kyrgyz population contains more protein (5.66%) than milk from yaks in the mountains of China, Russia and Mongolia (4.95, 4.55 and 5.3%, respectively). Milk we studied is high in amino acids such as methionine, lysine, proline, phenylalanine, and alanine. Seasonal (spring, summer) changes in the protein composition (whey proteins, casein proteins), amino acid profile, total nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen of yak milk were also studied. The total content of amino acids in the milk of Kyrgyz female yaks is noticeably higher in spring (6189.96 mg/100 g) than in summer (5101.47 mg/100 g). The research results presented in this article showed that the milking season and the associated feeding ration of yaks affects the composition of milk, which is associated with the nutritional value of grass feed and its nutrient content. Spring milk contains more proteins and amino acids than summer milk, which is due to the high protein content of plants in the spring period before the flowering phase. Milk of Kyrgyz yak with proven high nutritional and biological value is an alternative to cow milk.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Яки — крупные травоядные жвачные животные, обитающие на высокогорных пастбищах на высоте от 2000 до 4000 м над уровнем моря. Эта среда достаточно суровая, и яки спокойно переносят экстремальные холода — до минус 40 ºС. Основной пищей яков являются травянистые растения, вегетационный период которых в холодном горном климате короткий, примерно 3–4 месяца, в связи с чем они питаются большей частью увядшим подножным кормом, что в принципе достаточно для этих животных. В конце зимы, когда количество подножного корма уменьшается, животные недоедают и теряют в весе. Поэтому перед яководами часто возникает необходимость зимней подкормки животных. Полноценный рацион животного, наряду с другими факторами, оказывает существенное влияние на его продуктивную способность и состав молока. Цель работы — исследование химического состава, в частности белковой фракции, молока якоматок, обитающих в горных регионах Кыргызстана, в сравнении с молоком ячих разных регионов мира. Объектом исследования являлось молоко ячих, обитающих в высокогорных регионах Нарынской области Кыргызстана. Сбор проб и исследования проводили в соответствии со стандартными методами. Исследования показали, что в молоке якоматок кыргызской популяции содержится больше белка (5,66%), по сравнению с молоком животных, обитающих в горах Китая, России и Монголии (4,95, 4,55 и 5,3% соотвественно). В исследованном нами молоке высокое содержание аминокислот, таких как метионин, лизин, пролин, фенилаланин и аланин. Также изучены сезонные (весна, лето) изменения белкового состава (сывороточные белки, казеиновые белки), аминокислотного профиля, общего азота, небелкового азота молока якоматок. Суммарное содержание аминокислот в молоке яков кыргызской популяции заметно выше в весеннее время (6189,96 мг/100 г), чем летом (5101,47 мг/100 г). Результаты исследований, приведенные в данной статье, показали, что сезон удоя и связанный с ним рацион питания ячих влияет на состав молока, что связано с питательностью травяного корма и содержанием в нем нутриентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молоко яка</kwd><kwd>фракции белков</kwd><kwd>казеин</kwd><kwd>сывороточные белки</kwd><kwd>аминокислотный состав</kwd><kwd>сезон</kwd><kwd>корм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>yak milk</kwd><kwd>protein fractions</kwd><kwd>casein</kwd><kwd>whey proteins</kwd><kwd>amino acid composition</kwd><kwd>season</kwd><kwd>ration</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках проекта, финансируемого Министерством образования и науки Кыргызской Республики (проект № 007652).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of а project funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic (Project No. 007652).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чысыма, Р.Б., Кузьмина, Е.Е. 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