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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2024-7-1-15-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-398</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry characterization of the aroma of Ossetian cheeses</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Газовая хромато-масс-спектрометрическая характеристика аромата осетинских сыров</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-7639</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гутнов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gutnov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей В. Гутнов — кандидат химических наук, доцент, кафедра химии и биотехнологии362025, Республика Северная Осетия — Алания, Владикавказ, Ватутина, 44–46Тел.: +7–903–483–73–49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Gutnov, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Docent, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology44–46, Vatutina str., Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia — Alania, 362025Tel.: +7–903–483–73–49</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gutnov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2330-7485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качмазов</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachmazov</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Геннадий С. Качмазов — кандидат ветеринарных наук, доцент, кафедра технологии пищевых продуктов362025, Республика Северная Осетия — Алания, Владикавказ, Ватутина, 44–46Тел.: +7–918–829–90–99</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady S. Kachmazov, Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Docent, Department of Food Technology44–46, Vatutina str., Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia — Alania, 362025Tel.: +7–918–829–90–99</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kgssogutfi@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5283-6596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чаликиди</surname><given-names>П. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chalikidi</surname><given-names>P. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петракис Н. Чаликиди — кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник, кафедра химии и биотехнологии362025, Республика Северная Осетия — Алания, Владикавказ, Ватутина, 44–46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petrakis N. Chalikidi, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology44–46, Vatutina str., Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia — Alania, 362025Tel.: +7–918–709–29–81</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chalikidi@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2214-0935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туаева</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuaeva</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Альбина Ю. Туаева — аспирант, Лаборатория молекулярной генетики дрожжей, Центр геномных исследований «Курчатовский геномный центр» Курчатовского комплекса НБИКС — природоподобных технологий123098, Москва, пл. Академика Курчатова, 1Тел.: +7–918–704–57–90</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Albina Y. Tuaeva, Graduate Student, Laboratory of the Molecular Center of Yeast Genetics, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Nature-Like Technologies (KK NBICS-PT) Center for Genomic Research “Kurchatov Genomic Center”</p><p>1, Akademika Kurchatov Square, Moscow, 123098Tel.: +7–918–704–57–90</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tuaeva_97@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Осетинский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Ossetian State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Gutnov A.V., Kachmazov G.S., Chalikidi P.N., Tuaeva A.Y., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гутнов А.В., Качмазов Г.С., Чаликиди П.Н., Туаева А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gutnov A.V., Kachmazov G.S., Chalikidi P.N., Tuaeva A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/398">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/398</self-uri><abstract><p>The aim of the study was the qualitative and quantitative determination of volatile aroma compounds and their formation pathways in brine Ossetian cheeses. Volatile components of cheeses were isolated by steam distillation and extraction with dichloromethane, with their subsequent determination and quantification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results of the analysis are presented according to the structural classes of the main chemical components and the corresponding microbial metabolic processes. Four processes were found to be the main contributors to flavor formation: lipolysis, proteolysis, glycolysis, and a number of oxidative enzymatic transformations. Lipolysis of the fatty fraction of cheeses is a source of formation of volatile carboxylic acids and their esters. Proteolysis of the casein fraction yields branched alcohols, aldehydes, and a number of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds. Glycolysis of the carbohydrate fraction is a source of ethanol formation, which is the main cause of the dominance of ethyl esters in the ester fraction. Redox enzymatic transformations mainly determine the biosynthesis of unbranched aldehydes, ketones and lactones. A clear distinction between retail and homemade cheeses was observed, due to the different technological approaches to the cheese preparation. The structuralchemical and quantitative evolution of the volatile composition of the studied cheese samples during ripening is tentatively shown. From the authors’ point of view, the aromatic composition of the Tib cheese sort is the most consistent with the Ossetian cheese standard. This study represents the first gas chromatographic study of Ossetian cheeses and aims to create objective criteria for controlling technological processes and product quality during production and storage in the food industry.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Целью исследования являлось качественное и количественное определение летучих ароматических соединений и путей их образования в рассольных осетинских сырах. Летучие компоненты сыров выделяли путем паровой дистилляции и экстракции дихлорметаном, с их последующим определением и квантификацией методом GC–MS. Результаты анализа представлены по структурным классам основных химических компонентов и соответствующим микробиологическим метаболическим процессам. Было установлено, что главный вклад в ароматообразование вносят четыре процесса: липолиз, протеолиз, гликолиз, а также ряд оксидативных ферментных превращений. Липолиз жирной фракции сыров является источником образования летучих карбоновых кислот и их эфиров. Протеолиз казеиновой фракции дает разветвленные спирты, альдегиды, а также ряд ароматических и гетероароматических соединений. Гликолиз углеводной фракции является источником образования этанола, главной причины доминирования этиловых эфиров в эфирной фракции. Окислительно-восстановительные ферментные превращения определяют главным образом биосинтез неразветвленных альдегидов и кетонов, а также лактонов. Отмечено четкое различие между розничными и домашними сырами, что связано с различными технологическими подходами к приготовлению сыров. Предварительно показана структурнохимическая и количественная эволюция летучего состава исследуемых образцов сыра в процессе созревания. С точки зрения авторов ароматический состав сорта сыра Тиб представляет собой наиболее соответствующий эталону осетинского сыра. Данное исследование представляет собой первое газхроматографическое исследование осетинских сыров и имеет целью создание объективных критериев для контроля технологических процессов и качества продукта при получении и хранении в пищевой промышленности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>осетинский сыр</kwd><kwd>аромат</kwd><kwd>газовая хромато-массспектрометрия</kwd><kwd>метаболизм</kwd><kwd>биохимия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ossetian cheese</kwd><kwd>aroma</kwd><kwd>gas chromatographymass spectrometry</kwd><kwd>metabolism</kwd><kwd>biochemistry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kochetkova, T.V., Grabarnik, I.P., Klyukina, A.A., Zayulina, K.S., Gavirova, L.A., Shcherbakova, P.A. et al. (2023). The Bacterial microbiota of artisanal cheeses from the Northern Caucasus. 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