foodsystFood systemsПищевые системы2618-97712618-7272Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН10.21323/2618-9771-2023-6-4-497-503foodsyst-341Research ArticleСтатьиMicroalgae and insects as alternative protein sources: Benefits and risksМикроводоросли и насекомые как альтернативные источники белка: преимущества и рискиhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-2781-9035СутулаГ. И.SutulaG. I.

Сутула Глеб Игоревич — младший научный  сотрудник, лаборатория промышленных  биотехнологических инноваций

191014, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный проспект, 55 Тел.: +7–812–273–75–24

Gleb I. Sutula, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnological Innovations

55, Liteyny Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 191014, Tel.: +7–812–273–75–24

capitals2016@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5345-0038РябухинД. С.RyabukhinD. S.

Рябухин Дмитрий Сергеевич — кандидат химический наук, заведующий лабораторией промышленных биотехнологических инноваций

191014, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный проспект, 55 Тел.: +7–812–273–75–24

Dmitry S. Ryabukhin, Candidate of Chemical Sciences,  Head of Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnological Innovations

55, Liteyny Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 191014, Tel.: +7–812–273–75–24

d.ryabukhin@fncps.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт пищевых добавокРоссияAll-Russia Research Institute for Food AdditivesRussian Federation20231401202464497503Copyright © Sutula G.I., Ryabukhin D.S., 20242024Сутула Г.И., Рябухин Д.С.Sutula G.I., Ryabukhin D.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/341

Animal products have traditionally been considered the main sources of protein, but due to the increasing population of the planet and environmental pollution, there is a need to find new solutions to meet basic human nutritional needs. An alternative can be insects and microalgae — groups of organisms that, in their nutritional properties and chemical composition, are not inferior to products of animal origin. They are able to have a beneficial effect on the human body due to their high content of vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. Introducing edible insects or microalgae into the human diet has many environmental benefits, including reducing overall greenhouse gases and reducing land and water consumption. This review examines the chemical composition of microalgae and some types of insects, notes the influence of raw material components on human health, describes associated biologically active compounds, as well as basic cultivation technologies and examples of commercial use. In Russia, due to climatic conditions, only seasonal cultivation of microalgae in open pools is possible. Phytobioreactors for year-round operation require significant financial investments, especially for additional lighting and heating. Microalgae are not very popular in Russia; they are mainly used as part of dietary supplements. Edible insects can be grown using recycled resources and require less initial investment. Today they are considered by scientists as a source of protein for farm animals.

Продукты животного происхождения традиционно считаются основными источниками белка, однако ввиду увеличения населения планеты и загрязнения окружающей среды возникает необходимость поиска новых решений для удовлетворения базовой потребности человека в питании. Альтернативой могут стать насекомые и микроводоросли — группы организмов, которые по своим питательным свойствам и химическому составу не уступают продуктам животного происхождения. Они способны оказывать благоприятное воздействие на организм человека за счет высокого содержания витаминов, полиненасыщенных жирных кислот и антиоксидантов. Введение съедобных насекомых или микроводорослей в рацион питания человека имеет множество преимуществ и для окружающей среды, включая сокращение общего объема парниковых газов, снижение потребления земельных ресурсов и воды. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрен химический состав микроводорослей и некоторых видов насекомых, отмечено влияние компонентов сырья на здоровье человека, описаны сопутствующие биологически активные соединения, а также основные технологии культивирования и примеры коммерческого использования. В России ввиду климатических особенностей возможно только сезонное выращивание микроводорослей в открытых бассейнах. Фитобиореакторы для круглогодичной работы требуют значительных финансовых вложений, особенно на дополнительное освещение и обогрев. Микроводоросли в России не пользуются большой популярностью, преимущественно применяются в составе биологически активных добавок. Съедобные насекомые могут быть выращены с использованием вторичных ресурсов и требуют меньших первоначальных вложений. На сегодняшний день они рассматриваются учеными в качестве источника белка для сельскохозяйственных животных.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.