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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2023-6-4-449-456</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-335</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The effect of ultrasound on the feed mixture of sunflower cake and whey</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние ультразвука на кормовую смесь подсолнечного жмыха и молочной сыворотки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6697-8736</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волончук</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volonchuk</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волончук Сергей Константинович — кандидат технических наук, науч‑ ный сотрудник, отдел пищевых систем и биотехнологий</p><p>630501, Новосибирская обл., р. п. Краснообск, а/я 463 Тел.: +7–913–781–90–94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey K. Volonchuk, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Researcher, Department of Food Systems and Biotechnologies</p><p>Box 463, Novosibirsk region, 630501, Krasnoobsk, Tel.: +7–913–781–90–94</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volonchuk2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-2350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазалевский</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mаzalevskiy</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазалевский Виктор Борисович — кандидат технических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник, отдел пищевых систем и  биотехнологий</p><p>630501, Новосибирская обл., р. п. Краснообск, а/я 463 Тел.: +7–999–464–35–36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor B. Mаzalevskiy, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Docent, Senior Researcher, Department of Food Systems and Biotechnologies</p><p>Box 463, Novosibirsk region, 630501, Krasnoobsk, Tel.: +7–999–464–35–36</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mazalevskij@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5157-2004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Станкевич</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stankevich</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Станкевич Светлана Владимировна  — кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, научный сотрудник, отдел пищевых систем и  биотехнологий</p><p>630501, Новосибирская обл., р. п. Краснообск, а/я 463 Тел.: +7–913–765–31–15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V.  Stankevich, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Researcher, Department of Food Systems and Biotechnology</p><p>Box 463, Novosibirsk region, 630501, Krasnoobsk, Tel.: +7–913–765–31–15</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sveticstank@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чекрыга</surname><given-names>Г. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chekryga</surname><given-names>G. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чекрыга Галина Петровна — кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел пищевых систем и биотехнологий</p><p>630501, Новосибирская обл., р. п. Краснообск, а/я 463 Тел.: +7–913–394–14–42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina P. Chekryga, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher, Department of Food Systems and Biotechnology</p><p>Box 463, Novosibirsk region, 630501, Krasnoobsk, Tel.: +7–913–394–14–42</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">niip56@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Сибирский федеральный научный центр агробиотехнологий РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>449</fpage><lpage>456</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Volonchuk S.K., Mаzalevskiy V.B., Stankevich S.V., Chekryga G.P., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волончук С.К., Мазалевский В.Б., Станкевич С.В., Чекрыга Г.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volonchuk S.K., Mаzalevskiy V.B., Stankevich S.V., Chekryga G.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/335">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/335</self-uri><abstract><p>At present, secondary products of the main production in the form of cake, oil meal, bran and whey are widely used for feeding cattle. Despite the presence of protein, fats, carbohydrates, minerals and fiber in their composition, there is a problem of low assimilability of these nutrients. Moreover, secondary products are often unsafe in terms of microbiological parameters. To solve this problem, various physical and mechanical impacts are used. The paper presents the results of the study of an ultrasound effect on the feed mixture of sunflower cake and whey. Ultrasound is wave oscillations with frequencies higher than 20 kHz. Ultrasound waves propagate in solid, liquid and gas media, have a high mechanical energy and cause several physical, chemical and biological phenomena. When ultrasound impacts a mixture, bubbles are formed and large amounts of energy are emitted upon their collapse. This energy is expended on destruction of large particles of cake with particle sizes of 1370.8–2776.6 µm in the dry cake and up to 1.8–300.0 µm in the suspension. The overwhelming majority (60–75%) of particles have sizes of 11 to 30 µm when duration of the ultrasound treatment is 20–30 min. This can be seen in the photographs of the mixture under a microscope. With that, the homogeneous gel-like mass containing protein, fat, fiber and sugars is formed from a simple mixture of components, which significantly improves the process of assimilation of structured nutrients of cake by animals. A decrease in the protein content from 10.20% to 6.65% has been revealed in the suspension with a component ratio of 1:4 to 1:8. Temperature-time regimes for ratios of the cake/whey components have been established. The optimal temperature was 60–70°C, treatment time was 20 min. A temperature was lower in the mixture with a ratio of 1:8 for all time periods due to a decrease in viscosity of the formed suspension. Microbial inactivation occurs under the impact of ultrasound, which is important for animal health and productivity. As a result of the statistical processing of process indicators, a range was established for optimal values of variable factors at which a decrease in the microbiological contamination of the mixture takes place.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время для кормления крупного рогатого скота широко используют побочные продукты основного производства в виде жмыха, шрота, отрубей, молочной сыворотки. Несмотря на входящие в их состав белок, жиры, углеводы, минеральные вещества и клетчатку, существует проблема низкой усвояемости этих питательных веществ. Кроме того, побочные продукты часто неблагополучны по микробиологическим показателям. Для решения данной проблемы используются различные физические, механические воздействия. В статье приведены результаты исследований влияния ультразвука (УЗ) на кормовую смесь подсолнечного жмыха и молочной сыворотки. Ультразвук — это волновые колебания с частотами более 20 кГц. Ультразвуковые волны распространяются в твердых, жидких и газообразных средах, обладают большой механической энергией и вызывают ряд физических, химических и биологических явлений. При УЗ‑воздействии на смесь образуются пузырьки, при схлопывании которых выделяется большое количество энергии. Эта энергия расходуется на разрушение крупных частиц жмыха с размерами частиц 1370,8–2776,6 мкм в сухом жмыхе до 1,8–300,0 мкм в суспензии. Подавляющее большинство (60–75%) частиц имеют размеры от 11 до 30 мкм при продолжительности УЗ‑обработки 20–30 мин. Это видно на фотографиях смеси под микроскопом. При этом из простой смеси компонентов образуется гомогенная гелеобразная масса, содержащая белок, жир, клетчатку, сахара, что существенно улучшает процесс усвоения животными структурированных пищевых веществ жмыха. Выявлено уменьшение содержания белка в суспензии с 10,20% до 6,65% в соотношении компонентов от 1:4 до 1:8. Установлены температурно-временные режимы для соотношений компонентов жмых/сыворотка. Оптимальная температура составляла 60–70°C, время обработки — 20 минут. При всех временных значениях в смеси с соотношением 1:8 температура была ниже вследствие уменьшения вязкости образующейся суспензии. Под действием ультразвука происходит микробная инактивация, что важно для здоровья и продуктивности животных. В результате статистической обработки показателей процесса установлена область оптимальных значений переменных факторов, при которых происходит снижение микробиологической контаминации смеси.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>жмых</kwd><kwd>сыворотка молочная</kwd><kwd>ультразвук</kwd><kwd>кавитация</kwd><kwd>кормовая добавка</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cake</kwd><kwd>milk whey</kwd><kwd>ultrasound</kwd><kwd>cavitation</kwd><kwd>feed additive</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мотовилов, К. Я., Булатов, А. П., Позняковский, В. М., Ланцева, Н. Н. (2010). Экспертиза кормов и кормовых добавок. Глава в книге: Корма и кормовые добавки для сельскохозяйственных животных. Новосибирск: Сибирское университетское издательство, 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Motovilov, K. 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