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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2023-6-3-342-349</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-303</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Justifying the use of structure-forming agents to increase storability of confectionery products with the foamy structure</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обоснование использования структурообразователей для повышения сохранности кондитерских изделий пенообразной структуры</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0332-9621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьев</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratev</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кондратьев Николай Борисович — доктор технических наук, главный научный сотрудник, отдел современных методов оценки качества кондитерских изделий</p><p>107023, Москва, ул. Электрозаводская, д. 20</p><p>Тел.: + 7–495–963–54–75</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay B. Kondratev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Chief Researcher, Department of Modern Methods of Quality Assessment of Confectionery Products</p><p>20, Electrozavodskaya Str., 107023, Moscow</p><p>Tel.: + 7–495–963–54–75</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">conditerprom_lab@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2436-4100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденко</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenko</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руденко Оксана Сергеевна — кандидат технических наук, заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>107023, Москва, ул. Электрозаводская, д. 20</p><p>Тел.: +7–495–962–17–40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oxana S.  Rudenko, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Deputy Director for Scientific Work</p><p>20, Electrozavodskaya Str., 107023, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oxana0910@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8923-0029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанцев</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazantsev</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казанцев Егор Валерьевич — научный сотрудник, отдел современных методов оценки качества кондитерских изделий</p><p>107023, Москва, ул. Электрозаводская, д. 20</p><p>Тел.: +7–926–545–32–76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor V. Kazantsev, Researcher, Department of Modern Methods of Quality Assessment of Confectionery Products</p><p>20, Electrozavodskaya Str., 107023, Moscow</p><p>Tel.: +7–926–545–32–76</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">conditerprom_lab@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8025-952X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белова Ирина Александровна — научный сотрудник, отдел современных методов оценки качества кондитерских изделий</p><p>107023, Москва, ул. Электрозаводская, д. 20</p><p>Тел.: +7–916–849–23–42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Belova, Researcher, Department of Modern Methods of Quality Assessment of Confectionery Products</p><p>20, Electrozavodskaya Str., 107023, Moscow</p><p>Тел.: +7–916–849–23–42</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">conditerprom_lab@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8475-1415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрова Наталья Александровна — научный сотрудник, отдел современных методов оценки качества кондитерских изделий</p><p>107023, Москва, ул. Электрозаводская, д. 20</p><p>Тел.: +7–926–538–59–33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya A. Petrova, Researcher, Department of Modern Methods of Quality Assessment of Confectionery Products</p><p>20, Electrozavodskaya Str., 107023, Moscow</p><p>Тел.: +7–926–538–59–33</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">conditerprom_lab@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт кондитерской промышленности</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute of the Confectionery Industry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>342</fpage><lpage>349</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kondratev N.B., Rudenko O.S., Kazantsev E.V., Belova I.A., Petrova N.A., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кондратьев Н.Б., Руденко О.С., Казанцев Е.В., Белова И.А., Петрова Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kondratev N.B., Rudenko O.S., Kazantsev E.V., Belova I.A., Petrova N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/303">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/303</self-uri><abstract><p>Confectionery products with the foamy structure such as pastila and zefir (Russian marshmallow-like confectioneries) are in demand among various consumer groups. The expansion of the range and sales markets requires ensuring quality of such products during their transportation, storage, as well as increasing their shelf life. The patterns of change in quality indicators allow establishing additional requirements for them to improve storability of such products. Moisture transfer processes are predominant during storage of confectionery products with the foamy structure and define their hardening or moistening. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the influence of various factors on quality indicators during storage of zefir. Studies have been carried out to determine the influence of various structure-forming agents, such as agar, pectin, gelatin, on the direction and rate of moisture transfer processes during storage of zefir samples. The possibility of using the method of infrared spectroscopy for assessing quality of structure-forming agents during incoming inspection is shown. The mass fraction of moisture in zefir made using agar decreased by 3.5% after 10 weeks of storage at a temperature of 18°C. During this period, the mass fraction of moisture in zefir made using pectin as a structure-forming agent decreased by 2.5%, while in zefir prepared on the basis of gelatin, the mass fraction of moisture decreased only by 1.2%. Thus, the addition of gelatin makes it possible to reduce the rate of moisture transfer by approximately 2–3 times. The low moisture transfer rate of zefir is due to the water-holding properties of the protein structure of gelatin. Diffusion coefficients were calculated to predict the rate of moisture transfer processes in zefir samples made using various structure-forming agents and stored at different temperatures. The lowest diffusion coefficient was determined in zefir made with the addition of pectin, while the highest diffusion coefficient was in the sample based on gelatin. However, zefir made from gelatin had the lowest actual moisture transfer rate, since the gradient of the water activity was minimal (7.6%). With an increase in the storage temperature of zefir made with the addition of various structure-forming agents from 18°C to 28°C, the rate of moisture transfer increased. In zefir produced on the basis of agar, this indicator increased by 2.7 times, in the sample from pectin by 3.0 times; in zefir based on gelatin by only 1.5 times. The results obtained make it possible to predict the risks of changes in zefir quality during storage.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Кондитерские изделия пенообразной структуры, такие как пастила и зефир, являются востребованными среди различных групп потребителей. Расширение ассортимента и рынков сбыта требует обеспечения качества таких изделий при их транспортировке, хранении, а также повышения их срока годности. Закономерности изменения показателей качества позволяют установить дополнительные требования к ним для повышения сохранности таких изделий. Процессы влагопереноса являются превалирующими при хранении кондитерских изделий пенообразной структуры и обуславливают их черствение или увлажнение. Поэтому необходимо оценить влияние различных факторов на показатели качества в процессе хранения зефира. Проведены исследования влияния различных структурообразователей, таких как агар, пектин, желатин, на направление и скорость процессов влагопереноса при хранении образцов зефира. Показана возможность применения метода инфракрасной спектроскопии для оценки качества структурообразователей при входном контроле. Массовая доля влаги зефира, изготовленного с использованием агара, за 10 недель хранения при температуре 18°C уменьшилась на 3,5%. За этот период массовая доля влаги зефира, изготовленного с применением пектина в качестве структурообразователя, уменьшилась на 2,5%, в то время как в зефире, приготовленном на основе желатина, массовая доля влаги снизилась только на 1,2%. Таким образом, добавление желатина позволяет уменьшить скорость влагопереноса ориентировочно в 2–3 раза. Низкая скорость влагопереноса зефира обусловлена влагоудерживающими свойствами белковой структуры желатина. Для прогнозирования скорости процессов влагопереноса в образцах зефира, изготовленных с использованием различных структурообразователей и хранившихся при различных температурах, рассчитаны коэффициенты диффузии. Наименьший коэффициент диффузии определен у зефира, изготовленного с добавлением пектина, а наибольший — у образца на основе желатина. Однако у зефира из желатина наблюдается самая низкая фактическая скорость влагопереноса, поскольку градиент активности воды минимальный — 7,6%. При повышении температуры хранения зефира, изготовленного с добавлением различных структурообразователей, с 18°C до 28°C скорость влагопереноса увеличилась. У зефира, произведенного на основе агара, этот показатель возрос в 2,7 раза; у образца из пектина — в 3,0 раза; у зефира на основе желатине — только в 1,5 раза. Полученные результаты позволяют прогнозировать риски изменений качества зефира в процессе хранения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пастильные кондитерские изделия</kwd><kwd>влагоперенос</kwd><kwd>массовая доля влаги</kwd><kwd>активность воды</kwd><kwd>структурообразователи</kwd><kwd>глазурь</kwd><kwd>срок годности</kwd><kwd>инфракрасная спектроскопия</kwd><kwd>входной контроль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pastille confectionery</kwd><kwd>moisture transfer</kwd><kwd>mass fraction of moisture</kwd><kwd>water activity</kwd><kwd>structureforming agent</kwd><kwd>icing</kwd><kwd>shelf life</kwd><kwd>infrared spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>incoming inspection</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения исследований по государственному заданию № FGUS‑2022–0007 Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В. М. 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