foodsystFood systemsПищевые системы2618-97712618-7272Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН10.21323/2618-9771-2023-6-1-95-102foodsyst-233Research ArticleСтатьиEvaluation of the consequences of the toxic effects of food sweeteners with bioassayОценка последствий токсических эффектов пищевых подсластителей методом биотестированияhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5655-174XСамойловА. В.SamoilovA. V.

Самойлов Артем Владимирович — кандидат биологических наук, директор

142703, Московская область, г. Видное, ул. Школьная, 78

Tел.: +7–495–541–87–00

Artem V. Samoilov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Director

78, Shkolnaia Str., 142703, Vidnoe, Moscow region

Tel.: +7–495–541–87–00

molgen@vniitek.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-8128СураеваН. М.SuraevaN. M.

Сураева Наталья Михайловна  — доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, лаборатория качества и безопасности пищевой продукции

142703, Московская область, г. Видное, ул. Школьная, 78

Tел.: +7–495–541–87–00

Natalya M. Suraeva, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of quality and safety of food products

78, Shkolnaia Str., 142703, Vidnoe, Moscow region

Tel.: +7–495–541–87–00

nsuraeva@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-883XЗайцеваМ. В.ZaytsevaM. V.

Зайцева Мария Вячеславовна — научный сотрудник, лаборатория качества и безопасности пищевой продукции

142703, Московская область, г. Видное, ул. Школьная, 78

Tел.: +7–495–541–87–00

Mariya V.  Zaytseva, Researcher, Laboratory of quality and safety of food products

78, Shkolnaia Str., 142703, Vidnoe, Moscow region

Tel.: +7–495–541–87–00

mascha.zajtseva2014@yandex.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт технологии консервированияРоссияRussian Research Institute of Canning TechnologyRussian Federation2023090420236195102Copyright © Samoilov A.V., Suraeva N.M., Zaytseva M.V., 20232023Самойлов А.В., Сураева Н.М., Зайцева М.В.Samoilov A.V., Suraeva N.M., Zaytseva M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/233

Aspartame and acesulfame potassium are among the best known food sweeteners. Despite numerous studies showing the safety of these supplements, in recent years the attention of researchers has been focused on the negative side effects of their exposure, which can lead to the development of non-communicable diseases. The aim of this investigation was to study the nature of the impact (reversible or irreversible) of aspartame and acesulfame potassium on weight gain, as well as cytological, cytogenetic and metabolic parameters of onion roots. Roots were pre-treated with 0.5 and 1 g/l aqueous solutions of sweeteners, and then they were transferred to water for the purpose of further regenerative germination. The consequences of the toxic effect of aspartame on the weight gain of onion roots were minimal compared to the control. This indicator significantly and dose-dependently decreased to 38% in the samples with acesulfame potassium, which shows the presence of a delayed effect after exposure to this sweetener. In the experimental groups with the maximum content of sweeteners, a lower mitotic index (p≤0.05) in the meristem cells was also maintained compared to the control. The results obtained indicated an irreversible mitotoxic effect of these compounds. However, an increase in the frequency of mitosis pathologies found in the experimental samples due to pre-treatment with sweeteners was completely leveled after regenerative germination. Therefore, these genotoxic disorders were reversible. To assess the processes of lipid oxidation of root tissues, the concentration of malondialdehyde was measured. The effect of reducing the level of this indicator in all experimental samples compared with the control turned out to be irreversible, although not dose-dependent. The results obtained can be used in the development of formulations for adding food sweeteners to food products to reduce the risk of delayed toxic effects.

Аспартам и  ацесульфам калия входят в  группу наиболее известных пищевых подсластителей. Несмотря на многочисленные результаты исследований, свидетельствующие о  безопасности этих добавок, в последние годы внимание исследователей сосредоточено на побочных негативных эффектах их воздействия, способных приводить к  развитию неинфекционных заболеваний. Цель данного исследования — изучение характера воздействия (обратимое или необратимое) аспартама и ацесульфама калия на прирост массы, а также на цитологические, цитогенетические и метаболические показатели корней лука репчатого. Для этого корни предварительно обрабатывались 0,5 и 1 г/л водными растворами подсластителей, а затем переносились в воду с целью дальнейшего восстановительного проращивания. Последствия токсического эффекта аспартама на прирост массы корней лука оказались минимальными по сравнению с контролем. Тогда как в образцах с ацесульфамом калия этот показатель достоверно и дозозависимо снижался до 38%, что указывало на наличие отсроченного эффекта после воздействия этого подсластителя. В опытных группах с максимальным содержанием подсластителей сохранялся и более низкий митотический индекс (p ≤ 0,05) в  клетках меристемы по сравнению с  контролем. Полученные результаты свидетельствовали о необратимом митотоксическом эффекте данных соединений. Однако обнаруженное в  опытных образцах повышение частоты патологий митоза вследствие предварительной обработки подсластителями полностью нивелировалось после восстановительного проращивания. Поэтому указанные генотоксические нарушения были обратимыми. Для оценки процессов липидного окисления тканей корней измеряли концентрацию малонового диальдегида. Эффект снижения уровня этого показателя во всех опытных образцах по сравнению с контролем оказался необратимым, хотя и не дозозависимым. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке рецептур внесения пищевых подсластителей в продукты питания для снижения рисков возникновения отсроченных токсических эффектов.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.