foodsystFood systemsПищевые системы2618-97712618-7272Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН10.21323/2618-9771-2023-6-1-80-94foodsyst-232Research ArticleСтатьиBiologically active substances of elder: Properties, methods of extraction and preservationБиологически активные вещества бузины: свойства, методы извлечения и сохраненияhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6613-439XБуракЛ. Ч.BurakL. Ch.

Бурак Леонид Чеславович  — кандидат технических наук, директор

220118, Минск, ул. Шаранговича, 19, офис 718

Tел.: +37517–379–51–61

Leonid Ch. Burak, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Director

19, Sharangovich str., Minsk, 220018 

Tel.: +37517–379–51–61

leonidburak@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8579-2689СапачА. Н.SapachA. N.

Сапач Александр Николаевич — инженер-химик

220118, Минск, ул. Шаранговича, 19, офис 718

Tел.: +37517–379–51–61

Alexander N. Sapach, Chemist

19, Sharangovich str., Minsk, 220018 

Tel.: +37517–379–51–61

aleksandr@belrosakva.byОбщество с ограниченной ответственностью «БЕЛРОСАКВА»БеларусьBELROSAKVA Limited Liability CompanyBelarus202309042023618094Copyright © Burak L.C., Sapach A.N., 20232023Бурак Л.Ч., Сапач А.Н.Burak L.C., Sapach A.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/232

Anthocyanins and polyphenols are the main biologically active substances in elderberry. Extraction methods exert a significant effect on the extraction effectiveness, bioavailability and preservation of biologically active compounds. The aim of this work was a review of the published results of scientific studies of elderberry and products of its processing, their effect on the body, as well as examination of methods for extraction and encapsulation of biologically active substances of elderberry. The review includes papers in English and Russian. A search for foreign literature in English on this theme was carried out in the bibliographic databases Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Elsevier, ResearchGate. To select scientific papers in Russian, a search was done in the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU by keywords. The review of the scientific publications shows that the results of numerous studies confirm the high antioxidant activity of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), as well as wild elderberry (Sambucus ebulus), growing on the territory of the Belarus Republic and in other countries of Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. This plant is applied in the traditional medicine and is used in the food industry as raw materials for creation of prophylactic and functional products due to the presence in the chemical composition of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) of bioactive flavonoids such as quercetin, kempherol and rutin, and other phenolic compounds. Bioactive compounds of elderberry possess several unique biological and pharmacological properties including the antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-depressive, anti-diabetic, antiviral and antibacterial activities. To extract bioactive substances from elderberry, traditional extraction methods are used, such as maceration and Soxhlet extraction, as well as modern promising “green” technologies (for example, supercritical fluids, pulsed electric field, emulsion liquid extraction, microwave-assisted and ultrasound-assisted extraction). To preserve and protect biologically active substances in elderberry, encapsulation methods that are most effective are employed. The materials of this paper can be used in future studies on optimization of extraction processes to increase the nutritional value and antioxidant activity of new functional foods, food additives and products of pharmaceutical industry.

Антоцианы и полифенолы являются основными биологически активными веществами, содержащимися в  ягодах бузины. Методы экстракции оказывают существенное влияние на эффективность извлечения, биодоступность и сохранение биологически активных соединений. Цель данной работы — обзор опубликованных результатов научных исследований бузины и продуктов ее переработки, их воздействия на организм, а также рассмотрение методов извлечения и инкапсуляции биологически активных соединений бузины. В обзор включены статьи на английском и русском языках. Поиск зарубежной научной литературы на английском языке по данной теме проводили в библиографических базах Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Elsevier, ResearchGate. Для отбора научных статей на русском языке провели поиск по ключевым словам в «Научной электронной библиотеке eLIBRARY.RU». Обзор научных публикаций показал, что результаты многочисленных исследований подтверждают высокую антиоксидантную активность бузины (Sambucus nigra L.), а также дикой бузины (Sambucus ebulus), произрастающей на территории Республики Беларусь, а также в других странах Европы, Азии, Северной Африки и Северной Америки. Благодаря наличию в химическом составе бузины (Sambucus nigra L.) биоактивных флавоноидов, таких как кверцетин, кемпферол и рутин, а также за счет присутствия других фенольных соединений, это растение используется в традиционной медицине и  применяется в  качестве сырья в  пищевой промышленности для создания продуктов профилактического и  функционального назначения. Биоактивные соединения бузины обладают некоторыми уникальными биологическими и  фармакологическими свойствами, включая антиоксидантную, противоопухолевую, антидепрессивную, антидиабетическую, противовирусную и антибактериальную активность. Для извлечения биоактивных веществ из ягод бузины используются традиционные методы экстракции, такие как мацерация и  экстракция Сокслета, а также современные перспективные «зеленые» технологии: сверхкритические флюиды, импульсное электрическое поле, экстракция жидкой эмульсии, микроволновая и ультразвуковая экстракция. Для сохранения и защиты биологически активных веществ, содержащихся в плодах бузины, применяются методы инкапсуляции, являющиеся наиболее эффективными. Материалы данной статьи могут быть использованы при проведении дальнейших исследований по оптимизации процессов экстракции с целью повышения пищевой ценности и антиоксидантной активности новых функциональных продуктов питания, пищевых добавок, а также продуктов фармацевтической промышленности.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.