foodsystFood systemsПищевые системы2618-97712618-7272Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН10.21323/2618-9771-2022-5-4-369-375foodsyst-206Research ArticleСтатьиAuthentication of vegetable oils using isotope mass spectrometryУстановление подлинности растительных масел с использованием метода изотопной масс-спектрометрииhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5502-7951ПанасюкА. Л.PanasyukA. L.

Панасюк Александр Львович — доктор технических наук,  профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе.

119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, д.7

Тел.: +7–499–246–76–38

Alexander L. Panasyuk - Doctor  of Technical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Brewing, Beverage  and Wine Industry.

7, Rossolimo Str., Moscow, 119021

Tel.: +7–499–246–76–38

alpanasyuk@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8367-3523СвиридовД. А.SviridovD. A.

Свиридов Дмитрий Александрович — кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория технологии виноградных и плодовых  вин.

119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, д.7

Тел.: +7–499–246–63–10

Dmitriy A. Sviridov - Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior  Researcher, Laboratory of Technology of Grape  and  Fruit  Wines,  All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Brewing, Beverage and Wine Industry

7, Rossolimo Str., Moscow, 119021

Tel.: +7–499–246–63–10

labvin@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-0703ШилкинА. А.ShilkinA. A.

Шилкин Алексей Александрович — младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория технологии виноградных и плодовых вин.

119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, д.7

Teл.: +7–499–246–63–10

Aleksey A. Shilkin - Junior  Researcher, Laboratory of Technology of Grape and Fruit Wines, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Brewing, Beverage and Wine Industry.

7, Rossolimo Str., Moscow, 119021

Tel.: +7–499246–63–10

labvin@yandex.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт пивоваренной, безалкогольной и винодельческой промышленностиРоссияAll-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Brewing, Beverage and Wine IndustryRussian Federation20220901202354369375Copyright © Panasyuk A.L., Sviridov D.A., Shilkin A.A., 20232023Панасюк А.Л., Свиридов Д.А., Шилкин А.А.Panasyuk A.L., Sviridov D.A., Shilkin A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/206

Vegetable oils play an important role in the  human diet. Both the  physiological value of the  product and its cost largely  depend on the  type of processed raw materials. In this  regard, the  establishment of the  type of vegetable raw materials used for the production of vegetable oils is an important area of research in the identification of this product type. To date,  one of the most  informative methods for assessing the authenticity of plant raw materials is the method of isotope mass spectrometry. Thirty  samples of vegetable oils produced from various  raw materials and places  of origin  (Italy, Greece, Spain, Turkey, Armenia, Russia, Slovenia)  were studied. The isotopic ratios of carbon, oxygen  and hydrogen were measured in the  samples. It is shown  that the  samples of corn oil (C4 type of photosynthesis) are characterized by the  highest values  of the  indicator δ13C, from –17.00‰ to –17.73‰. The rest of the studied samples of vegetable oils were produced from C3 plants (grape seed oil, olive, linseed, sesame, pumpkin, mustard, sunflower, etc.). For them, the values of δ13C lie in the range  from –26.60‰ to –31.14‰. Thus, the  method of isotope mass  spectrometry makes  it possible to detect the  introduction of corn oil into  a product produced from plants with C3 type of photosynthesis, even in small  quantities. In addition, this  method enables establishing the introduction of cheap  oils into  corn oil. The values  of the indicators δ18O and δ2H largely depend on the year of harvest and the climatic characteristics of the region where the raw materials grow. Thus, the values of the isotopic characteristics of the δ18O structural components of the oil samples from grape  seeds  produced in Turkey, Armenia and Italy have significant differences (19.40± 0.77‰, 16.55± 0.66‰ and 23.29± 0.93‰, respectively). The values  of the  isotopic characteristics of hydrogen δ2H of the  sample from Armenia differed from the values  of the samples from Turkey and Italy in the direction of a higher content of “light”  isotopes (–189.86± 1.13‰, —163.17 ± 0.97‰ and –160.72± 0.97‰, respectively). The annual monitoring of these values, the creation of a database, as well as the  use of statistical analysis methods will allow in the  future identifying vegetable oils by their geographical origin  with a high degree  of reliability.

Масла растительного происхождения играют важную  роль в рационе питания человека. От вида  перерабатываемого сырья  в значительной степени зависят как физиологическая ценность продукта, так и его стоимость. В связи  с этим  установление вида  растительного сырья, используемого для  производства растительных масел, является важным направлением исследований при  идентификации данного вида продукции. На сегодняшний день  одним из  наиболее информативных методов оценки подлинности растительного сырья  является метод изотопной масс-спектрометрии. Исследовано 30 образцов растительных масел, произведенных из различного сырья  и мест  происхождения (Италия, Греция, Испания, Турция, Армения, Россия, Словения). В образцах измеряли значения изотопных отношений углерода, кислорода и водорода. Показано, что  образцы кукурузного масла  (С4 тип  фотосинтеза) характеризуются  наиболее высокими значениями показателя δ13С, от минус  17,00‰ до минус  17,73‰. Остальные исследуемые образцы растительных масел  были  произведены из С3-растений (масло  виноградных семян,  оливковое, льняное, кунжутное, тыквенное, горчичное, подсолнечное и др.). Для них значения δ13С лежат  в диапазоне от минус  26,60‰ до минус  31,14‰. Таким  образом, метод изотопной масс-спектрометрии позволяет выявить внесение кукурузного масла  в продукт, произведенный из растений с С3 типом  фотосинтеза, даже  в небольших количествах. Также  при  помощи этого  способа возможно установить  внесение дешевых масел  в кукурузное. Значения показателей δ18O и δ2H в значительной степени зависят от  года  урожая  и  климатических особенностей региона произрастания  сырья. Так,  значения изотопных характеристик δ18O структурных компонентов образцов масел  из виноградных семян, произведенных в Турции, Армении и Италии, имеют значительные различия (19,40 ± 0,77‰, 16,55 ± 0,66‰ и 23,29 ± 0,93‰ соответственно). Значения изотопных характеристик водорода δ2H образца из Армении отличались от значений образцов из Турции  и Италии в сторону большего содержания «легких» изотопов  (минус  189,86 ± 1,13‰, минус  163,17 ± 0,97‰ и минус  160,72 ± 0,97‰ соответственно). Проведение ежегодного мониторинга этих значений, создание базы данных, а также  использование статистических методов анализа позволит в перспективе проводить идентификацию растительных масел  по месту  их географического происхождения с высокой степенью достоверности.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.