foodsystFood systemsПищевые системы2618-97712618-7272Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН10.21323/2618-9771-2022-5-3-261-270foodsyst-184Research ArticleСтатьиStudy of the composition and properties of extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra grown in the Kaliningrad region and prospects of its useИсследование состава и свойств экстрактов Glycyrrhiza glabra, выращенной в Калининградской области, и перспективы ее примененияhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4921-8997БабичО. О.BabichO. O.

Бабич Ольга Олеговна — доктор технических наук, доцент, директор Научно-образовательного центра

236041, г. Калининград, ул. А. Невского, 14

Тел.: +7–906–922–09–92

Olga O. Babich, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Docent, Director of the Scientific and Educational Center

14, A. Nevsky str., 236041, Kaliningrad

Тел.: +7–906–922–09–92 

olich.43@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4107-7277УльрихЕ. В.UlrikhE. V.

Ульрих Елена Викторовна — доктор технических наук, заместитель директора Института агроинженерии и пищевых систем по научной и международной деятельности

236022, г. Калининград, проспект Советский, 1

Тел.: +7–904–960–94–96

Elena V. Ulrikh, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Deputy Director of the Institute of Agroengineering and Food Systems for Scientific and International Activities

1, Prospekt Sovetskiy, 236022, Kaliningrad

Tel.: +7–904–960–94–96 

elen.ulrich@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2012-2438ЛаринаВ. В.LarinaV. V.

Ларина Виктория Викторовна — младший научный сотрудник, Институт живых систем

236041, г. Калининград, ул. А. Невского, 14

Тел.: +7–996–522–72–04

Victoria V. Larina, Junior Researcher, Institute of Living Systems

14, A. Nevsky str., 236041, Kaliningrad

Tel.: +7–996–522–72–04 

surinac@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5521-6907БахтияроваА. Х.BakhtiyarovaA. K.

Бахтиярова Алина Халимовна — студент, Институт живых систем, кафедра биотехнологии

236041, г. Калининград, ул. А. Невского, 14

Тел.: +7–931–245–26–77

Alina K. Bakhtiyarova, Student, Institute of Living Systems, Department of Biotechnology

14, A. Nevsky str., 236041, Kaliningrad

Tel.: +7–931–245–26–77 

bakhtiarova.allina@yandex.ruБалтийский федеральный университет им. И. КантаРоссияImmanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityRussian FederationКалининградский государственный технический университетРоссияKaliningrad State Technical UniversityRussian Federation20220710202253261270Copyright © Babich O.O., Ulrikh E.V., Larina V.V., Bakhtiyarova A.K., 20222022Бабич О.О., Ульрих Е.В., Ларина В.В., Бахтиярова А.Х.Babich O.O., Ulrikh E.V., Larina V.V., Bakhtiyarova A.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/184

Licorice is scientifically known as Glycyrrhiza glabra; it belongs to the legume family. Glycyrrhiza glabra is a medicinal herb found throughout Asia and in some European regions. The aim of the present work was to study the chemical composition and biologically active properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts produced by different methods. It has been established that Glycyrrhiza glabra raw materials (leaves) contain protein, fat, fiber and ash: 9.844±0.29%, 2.284±0.06%, 20.377±0.61% and 4.605±0.13%, respectively. In Glycyrrhiza glabra raw materials, mineral components were found, such as: Fe (289.00±8.67 mg/kg), Sr (165.00±4.95 mg/kg), Ca (89.0±0.6 mg/kg), Mn (18.00 ± 0.54 mg/kg) and Zn (23.00 ± 0.69 mg/kg). It is shown that Glycyrrhiza glabra raw materials contain vitamins: С (121.75 ± 3.62 mg/kg), В2 (49.59 ± 1.48 mg/kg) and В6 (21.99 ± 0.66 mg/kg). The highest yield of the Glycyrrhiza glabra extract (21.31 ± 0.64 mass%) was achieved when using the extraction method by Soxhlet with methanol. In these Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts, the highest amounts of biologically active substances were identified: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, luteolin-7-glucoside, acacetin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, chicoric acid and hesperetin. When using the maceration method with the mixture of solvents methanol+ NaOH, rosmarinic acid was identified, while in the extract obtained using maceration with the mixture of solvents methanol+ TFA, catechin was found in large quantities. Upon exposure to the Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts obtained by the Soxhlet method with methanol, the growth inhibition zones of test microorganisms were as follows: 13.6 ± 0.41 mm for Escherichia coli, 10.8 ± 0.32 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 16.1 ± 0.48 mm for Bacillus subtilis and 13.2 ± 0.39 mm for Candida albicans. The antioxidant activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts obtained by the Soxhlet method was the highest in the ABTS method (117.62 ± 7.91 μmol Trolox eq/g) and the lowest in the FRAP method (23.91 ± 1.12 μmol Trolox eq/g). The antioxidant activity of the extracts in the DPPH method had the intermediate value: 58.16 ± 3.90 μmol Trolox eq/g. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities were manifested due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids in the Glycyrrhiza glabra methanol extract obtained by the Soxhlet method. Such an extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra can be a natural alternative to the existing therapy to eliminate bacterial diseases and early aging and oxidative stress of the human body emerging because of free radicals.

Солодка научно известна как Glycyrrhiza glabra, она принадлежит к семейству бобовых. Glycyrrhiza glabra — лекарственное растение, которое встречается по всей Азии, а также в некоторых районах Европы. Целью настоящей работы было исследование химического состава и биологически активных свойств экстрактов Glycyrrhiza glabra, полученных различным способом. Установлено, что сырье Glycyrrhiza glabra (листья) содержит протеин, жир, клетчатку, золу: 9,844 ± 0,29%, 2,284 ± 0,06%, 20,377 ± 0,61% и 4,605 ± 0,13% соответственно. В сырье Glycyrrhiza glabra обнаружены минеральные компоненты Fe — 289,00 ± 8,67 мг/кг, Sr — 165,00 ± 4,95 мг/кг, Ca — 89,0 ± 0,6 мг/кг, Mn — 18,00 ± 0,54 мг/кг и Zn — 23,00 ± 0,69 мг/кг. Показано, что в сырье Glycyrrhiza glabra содержатся витамины: С — 121,75 ± 3,62 мг/кг, В2–49,59 ± 1,48 мг/кг и В6 21,99 ± 0,66 мг/кг. Наибольший выход экстракта Glycyrrhiza glabra, 21,31 ± 0,64 масс.%, получили при использовании метода экстракции по Сокслету с метанолом. В данных экстрактах Glycyrrhiza glabra идентифицировано наибольшее количество биологически активных веществ: 3,4-дигидроксибензойная кислота, n-кумаровая кислота, лютеолин-7-глюкозид, акацетин, апигенин-7-О-глюкозид, цикориевая кислота и гесперетин. При использовании метода мацерации с использованием смеси растворителей метанол + NaOH идентифицирована розмариновая кислота, а в экстракте с использованием мацерации со смесью растворителей метанол + ТФУ обнаружен катехин в большом количестве. При воздействии экстрактов Glycyrrhiza glabra по методу Сокслета с метанолом зоны задержки роста тест-микроорганизмов составили: 13,6 ± 0,41 мм для Escherichia coli, 10,8 ± 0,32 мм для Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 16,1 ± 0,48 мм для Bacillus subtilis и 13,2 ± 0,39 мм для Candida albicans. Антиоксидантная активность экстрактов Glycyrrhiza glabra по Сокслету по методу ABTS составила наибольшее значение: 117,62 ± 7,91 мкмоль экв, тролокса/г, наименьшее — по методу FRAP: 23,91 ± 1,12 мкмоль экв, тролокса/г. Антиоксидантная активность экстрактов по методу DPPH имела промежуточное значение: 58,16 ± 3,90, мкмоль экв тролокса/г. Антибактериальная и антиоксидантная активность проявляется за счет полифенольных соединений и флавоноидов, содержащихся в метанольном экстракте Glycyrrhiza glabra по Сокслету. Именно такой экстракт Glycyrrhiza glabra может стать естественной альтернативой существующей терапии для устранения антибактериальных заболеваний и возникающего за счет свободных радикалов раннего старения, окислительного стресса организма человека.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.