foodsystFood systemsПищевые системы2618-97712618-7272Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН10.21323/2618-9771-2022-5-3-202-211foodsyst-178Research ArticleСтатьиSystemic measures on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in animal husbandry enterprises. A reviewСистемные меры по снижению выбросов парниковых газов в животноводческих хозяйствах. Обзорhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-3511ПетрунинаИ. В.PetruninaI. V.

Петрунина Ирина Всеволодовна — старший научный сотрудник, Центр «Экономико-аналитических исследований и информационных технологий»

109316, г. Москва, ул. Талалихина, д.26

Тел.: +7–495–676–95–11 доб. 253

Irina V. Petrunina, Senior Researcher, Center of Economic and Analytical Research and Information Technologies

26, Talalikhina str., 109316, Moscow

Теl.: +7–495–676–95–11 (253) 

i.petrunina@fncps.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4249-9316ГорбуноваН. А.GorbunovaN. A.

Горбунова Наталья Анатольевна — кандидат технических наук, ученый секретарь

109316, г. Москва, ул. Талалихина, д.26

Тел.: +7–495–676–95–11 доб. 316

Nataliya A. Gorbunova, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Scientific Secretary

26, Talalikhina str., 109316, Moscow

Теl.: +7–495–676–95–11 (316) 

n.gorbunova@fncps.ruФедеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В. М. ГорбатоваРоссияV. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food SystemsRussian Federation20220710202253202211Copyright © Petrunina I.V., Gorbunova N.A., 20222022Петрунина И.В., Горбунова Н.А.Petrunina I.V., Gorbunova N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/178

The paper presents a review of different approaches to solving problems arising upon greenhouse gas emission from activities of animal husbandry enterprises. The sector of ruminant animal production is under close attention for ecological reasons due to its significant contribution to emission of enteric methane (CH4) and an effect on global climate change. Moreover, analysis of the main sources of methane emission in the agricultural sector of the agro-industrial complex, including by species of livestock and poultry, is given. An impact of a feeding system, feeds and feed additives in use and manure storage on nitrogen losses is estimated. In this connection, the authors examine several promising scientific and practical development results that are aimed to reducing emissions and formulating a strategy for controlling direct emissions of greenhouse gases in animal husbandry that do not jeopardize animal productivity, especially in the context of sustainability. Practical activities that envisage the development of the complex of measures for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are examined. Potential strategies for mitigating their consequences were divided into the following main categories: animal raising, changes in animal diets and manipulations with rumen. Furthermore, several other measures facilitating an increase in livestock productivity and reduction of the negative effect on the environment were taken. Eco-economic methods for assessing emissions of harmful gases in production of animal husbandry products are considered and the necessity of developing simpler cost-effective technologies for quantitative assessment of greenhouse gas emissions and a search for solutions to preserve favorable climate is emphasized. When assessing greenhouse gas emissions, the loss sizes and cumulative ecological damage are taken into account. Realization of strategies for emission reduction should lead to an increase in animal productivity and a decrease in the negative effect of animal husbandry on the environment.

В статье приведен обзор различных подходов к решению проблем, возникающих при выделении парниковых газов от деятельности животноводческих хозяйств. Сектор животноводства жвачных животных находится под пристальным вниманием по экологическим соображениям из-за его значительного вклада в выбросы кишечного метана (СН4) и влияния на глобальное изменение климата. При этом дан анализ основных источников выброса метана в сельскохозяйственном секторе АПК, в том числе — по видам домашнего скота и птицы. Оценено влияние системы кормления, используемых кормов и кормовых добавок, хранения навоза на потери азота. В этой связи рассмотрен ряд перспективных научных и практических разработок, направленных на снижение выбросов и выработку стратегии борьбы с прямыми выбросами парниковых газов (ПГ) в животноводстве, которые не ставят под угрозу продуктивность животных, особенно в контексте цели устойчивого развития. Были рассмотрены практические действия, предусматривающие выработку комплекса мер по снижению выбросов парниковых газов. Потенциальные стратегии смягчения их последствий были разделены на следующие основные категории: разведение животных, изменение рационов их кормления и манипуляции с рубцом. Также был предпринят ряд других мер, способствующих повышению продуктивности скота и снижению негативного воздействия на природную среду. Рассмотрены эколого-экономические методики оценки выбросов вредных газов при производстве животноводческой продукции и отмечена необходимость разработки более простых экономически эффективных технологий для количественной оценки выбросов парниковых газов и с целью поиска решений для сохранения благоприятного климата. При оценке выбросов вредных газов учитываются размеры потерь и совокупный экологический ущерб. Реализация стратегий по сокращению выбросов должна привести к повышению продуктивности животных и к снижению негативного влияния животноводства на природную среду.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.