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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2022-5-3-195-201</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-177</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Defrosted products with preserved micro- and macrostructure</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Размороженные продукты с сохраненной микро- и макроструктурой</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8177-3472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурский</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurskiy</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Алексеевич Гурский — младший научный сотрудник, Лаборатория технологии мороженого</p><p>127422, г. Москва, ул. Костякова, 12</p><p>Teл.: +7–495–610–83–85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor A. Gurskiy, Junior Researcher, Ice Cream Technology Laboratory</p><p>12, Kostykova str., 127422, Moscow</p><p>Tel.: +7–495–610–83–85 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iixrug@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-2309</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ландиховская</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Landikhovskaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ландиховская Анна Валентиновна — младший научный сотрудник, Лаборатория технологии мороженого</p><p>127422, г. Москва, ул. Костякова, 12</p><p>Teл.: +7–495–610–83–85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Landikhovskaya, Junior Researcher, Ice Cream Technology Laboratory</p><p>12, Kostykova str., 127422, Moscow</p><p>Tel.: +7–495–610–83–85 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.landih@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7293-9162</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Творогова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tvorogova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Творогова Антонина Анатольевна — доктор технических наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник, Лаборатория технологии мороженого</p><p>127422, г. Москва, ул. Костякова, 12</p><p>Teл.: +7–495–610–83–85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonina A. Tvorogova, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Docent, Chief Researcher, Ice Cream Technology Laboratory</p><p>12, Kostykova str., 127422, Moscow</p><p>Tel.: +7–495–610–83–85 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antvogova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт холодильной промышленности</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Refrigeration Industry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>195</fpage><lpage>201</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Gurskiy I.A., Landikhovskaya A.V., Tvorogova A.A., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гурский И.А., Ландиховская А.В., Творогова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gurskiy I.A., Landikhovskaya A.V., Tvorogova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/177">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/177</self-uri><abstract><p>In the modern world, due to the consumers’ pace of life and lifestyle, there is a need for production of frozen food products that are ready-to-eat after defrosting or heating. An important task, therewith, is preservation of the micro- and macrostructure of flour products and aerated desserts. The paper presents an analysis of studies of aspects of production and realization of frozen finished products with the preserved micro- and macrostructure. A possibility of positioning aerated fermented dairy desserts as functional products is substantiated. In investigation of this product category, particular emphasis is placed on the role of the nutrient composition (proteins, fats, stabilizers and emulsifiers) and an importance of technological operations (freezing and fermentation). Attention is given to the state of the structural elements in the frozen and defrosted states. Despite the absence of crystals in defrosted desserts, it is necessary to take into account their influence on dispersity of the air phase in a frozen product. It was found that frozen noodles are a common product type in Asian countries and consumption of this product is growing every year. Other flour products (macaroni, bakery and confectionery products) are in demand as fast-food products. A promising direction in production of finished food products is a search for solutions and components for preservation of the product macrostructure. Among important tasks are maintenance of the marketable appearance of a defrosted product, prevention of the ice crystal growth in the frozen state and preservation of the protein structure. An important place in production of macaroni and bakery products is occupied by selection of cryoprotectants — components having an ability to inhibit the ice crystal growth and facilitating preservation of the product macrostructure. An important aspect of frozen product quality is its safety upon defrostation. In particular, the control of microbiological indicators and the related water activity value is necessary.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В современном мире, ввиду ритма и образа жизни потребителей, существует необходимость производства замороженных продуктов питания, готовых к потреблению после размораживания или разогрева. Важной задачей при этом является сохранение микро- и макроструктуры изделий из муки и взбитых десертов. В статье приведен анализ исследований аспектов производства и реализации замороженных готовых продуктов с сохраненной микро- и макроструктурой. Обоснована возможность позиционирования взбитых кисломолочных десертов в качестве продуктов функциональной направленности. В исследованиях для этой категории продукции особое внимание уделяется роли нутриентного состава (белков, жиров, стабилизаторов и эмульгаторов) и значимости технологических операций (фризерование и ферментация). Обращено внимание на состояние структурных элементов в замороженном и размороженном состояниях. Несмотря на отсутствие кристаллов льда в размороженных десертах, следует учитывать их влияние на дисперсность воздушной фазы в замороженном продукте. Установлено, что замороженная лапша является распространенным видом продукции в азиатских странах и потребление этого продукта растет из года в год. Другие виды продукции из муки (макаронные, хлебобулочные и кондитерские изделия) пользуются спросом как продукты быстрого питания. Перспективным направлением в производстве готовых продуктов питания является поиск решений и компонентов для сохранения макроструктуры продукта. Среди важных задач — поддержание товарного вида размороженного продукта, предотвращение роста кристаллов льда в замороженном состоянии и сохранение структуры белков. Значимое место в производстве макарон и хлебобулочных изделий занимает подбор криопротекторов — компонентов, обладающих способностью ингибировать рост кристаллов льда и способствующих сохранению макроструктуры продукта. Важным аспектом качества размороженной продукции является ее безопасность при размораживании, в частности необходим контроль микробиологических показателей, а также связанного с ним показателя активность воды.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>размороженные продукты</kwd><kwd>изделия из муки</kwd><kwd>взбитые десерты</kwd><kwd>сохранение структуры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>defrosted products</kwd><kwd>flour products</kwd><kwd>aerated desserts</kwd><kwd>structure preservation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения исследований по государственному заданию № 075–01190–22–00 Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was published as part of the research topic No. 075–01190–22–00 of the state assignment of the V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bekhit, A. E., Roohinejad, S. (2016). Cook-сhilled and cook-frozen foods. Chapter in a book: Reference module in food science. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.03348-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bekhit, A. E., Roohinejad, S. (2016). Cook-сhilled and cook-frozen foods. Chapter in a book: Reference module in food science. 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