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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2022-5-1-55-63</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-149</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENTIATION OF WAGE RATES IN RUSSIA AND IN THE UNITED STATES</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИИ СТАВОК ЗАРАБОТНОЙ ПЛАТЫ В РОССИИ И В США</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7335-0453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашковский</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkovski</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ивашковский Станислав Николаевич  — кандидат экономических наук, доцент, профессор, кафедра экономической теории</p><p>119454, Москва, проспект Вернадского, 76Тел.: +7–485–225–37–27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav N. Ivashkovski, candidate of economic sciences, docent, professor, Department of Economic Theory</p><p>119454, Moscow, Prospect Vernadskogo, 76Tel.: +7–485–225–37–27</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stanislav.ivashkovskiy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2386-742X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каспарян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasparian</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каспарян Арсений Арсенович — бакалавр</p><p>119454, Москва, проспект Вернадского, 7617561, Греция, Афины, Палео Фалеро Афродитис 32Тел.: +7–925–137–17–26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arsenii A. Kasparian, bachelor, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; trainee, Hellenic Institute Promoting European Synergies</p><p>119454, Moscow, Prospect Vernadskogo, 7617561, Greece, Athens, Palaio Faliro,  Afroditis 32Тел.: +7–925–137–17–26</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">xarseniix@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)  of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации; Эллиник Институт Промотинг Европиан Синерджис</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)  of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; Hellenic Institute Promoting European Synergies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ivashkovski S.N., Kasparian A.A., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ивашковский С.Н., Каспарян А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivashkovski S.N., Kasparian A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/149">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/149</self-uri><abstract><p>The purpose of this study is a comparative analysis of the factors affecting the differentiation of wage rates in Russia and the United States. The information base for the study was statistical and analytical materials given on the official websites of the Russian Federation and the United States. The article presents an extensive analysis of the wage levels depending on the professional training of employees. Based on statistical data, the authors substantiate why in Russia and the United States the wages of employees with higher professional education are significantly higher than the wages of employees with secondary education, not to mention employees without secondary education. Much attention is paid to the consideration of the differentiation of wage levels with respect to the type of the economic activity. It is shown that in Russia and the United States, despite significant differences in the structure of the economy and economic potentials, the highest earnings prevail in the extractive industries, primarily in the fuel and energy complex. On the other hand, wages in the light and food industries, as well as in agriculture in Russia and the United States are about 20 and 33% of the above-mentioned industries, respectively. The article also examines the differentiation of wages in relation to racial characteristics and gender differences. Citing a number of factual data from Russia and the United States, the authors show that such differentiation in the 21st century should be qualified in terms of labor market imperfections from both scientific and social points of view. The regional aspect of the wage difference in both countries is also analyzed in detail. It is explained why the regional factor has almost no effect on the size of the average wage in the United States contrary to Russia. It is concluded that the most effective mechanism for regulating wage levels is competition in the labor market, which puts the qualifications, skills and experience of employees, as well as working conditions, as the basis for wage differentiation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Целью данного исследования является сравнительный анализ факторов, влияющих на дифференциацию ставок заработной платы в России и в США. Информационной базой для исследования послужили статистические и аналитические материалы, приведенные на официальных сайтах Российской Федерации и США. В статье представлен обширный анализ уровней заработной платы в зависимости от профессиональной подготовки работников. Опираясь на статистические данные, авторы обосновывают, почему в России и в США заработная плата работников с высшим профессиональным образованием существенно выше заработной платы работников со средним образованием, не говоря о работниках, не имеющих среднего образования. Большое внимание уделено рассмотрению дифференциации уровней заработной платы с точки зрения вида экономической деятельности. Показано, что в России и США, несмотря на существенные различия в структуре экономики и экономических потенциалах, наиболее высокие заработки в добывающих отраслях. С другой стороны, заработные платы в легкой и пищевой промышленности, а также в сельском хозяйстве в России и в США составляют соответственно примерно 20 и 33% от вышеупомянутой отрасли. В статье рассматривается также дифференциация заработной платы в зависимости от расовых характеристик и гендерных различий. Приводя ряд фактических данных по России и США, авторы показывают, что такая дифференциация в XXI веке должна как с научной, так и с социальной точек зрения квалифицироваться в терминах несовершенства рынка труда. Подробно анализируется и региональный аспект различия заработной платы в обеих странах. Объясняется, почему в США региональный фактор на размер средней заработной платы, в отличие от России, почти не влияет. Делается вывод о том, что наиболее эффективным механизмом регулирования уровней заработной платы является конкуренция на рынке труда, которая в основу дифференциации заработной платы ставит квалификацию, навыки и опыт, работников, а также условия труда.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гендерные различия</kwd><kwd>дифференциация ставок заработной платы</kwd><kwd>квалификация работников</kwd><kwd>образование</kwd><kwd>рынок труда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gender differences</kwd><kwd>differentiation of wage rates</kwd><kwd>qualifications of employees</kwd><kwd>education</kwd><kwd>labor market</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Официальный сайт Федеральной службы государственной статистики РФ. 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