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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2021-4-3-204-212</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-125</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Influence of different milk-clotting enzymes on the process of producing soft cheeses</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние различных молокосвертывающих ферментов на процесс изготовления мягких сыров</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4443-7573</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мягконосов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myagkonosov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мягконосов Дмитрий Сергеевич — кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий отделом прикладной биохимии и экзи-мологии.</p><p>152613, Ярославская область, Углич, Красноармейский бульвар, 19.</p><p>Teл.: +7-915-973-63-13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry S. Myagkonosov — candidate of technical sciences, leading researcher, head of research department in applied biochemistry and enzymology, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking.</p><p>19, Krasnoarmeysky Boulevard, Uglich, 152613, Yaroslavl Region.</p><p> Tel.: +7-915-973-63-13</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mds-mail@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5663-3662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смыков</surname><given-names>И. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smykov</surname><given-names>I. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смыков Игорь Тимофеевич — доктор технических наук, главный научный сотрудник.</p><p>152613, Ярославская область, Углич, Красноармейский бульвар, 19.</p><p>Тел.: +7-48532-9-81-21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor T. Smykov — doctor of technical sciences, chief research scientist, AllRussian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking.</p><p>19, Krasnoarmeysky Boulevard, Uglich, 152613, Yaroslavl.</p><p>Tel.: +7-48532-9-81-21</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i_smykov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8326-1932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абрамов Дмитрий Васильевич — кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, руководитель направления биохимических исследований по сыроделию и маслоделию.</p><p>152613, Ярославская область, Углич, Красноармейский бульвар, 19.</p><p>Teл.: +7-910-970-42-97</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Abramov — candidate of biological sciences, leading researcher, head of biochemical research in cheesemaking and buttermaking, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking.</p><p>19, Krasnoarmeysky Boulevard, Uglich, 152613, Yaroslavl Region.</p><p>Tel.:+ 7-910-970-42-97</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uglich.dva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Делицкая</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Delitskaya</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Делицкая Ирина Николаевна — кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел сыроделия.</p><p>152613, Ярославская область, Углич, Красноармейский бульвар, 19.</p><p>Teл.: +7-48532-98-1-28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Delitskaya — candidate of technical sciences, leading researcher, department of cheesemaking, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking.</p><p>19, Krasnoarmeysky Boulevard, Uglich, 152613, Yaroslavl Region.</p><p>Tel.: +7-48532-98-1-28</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina_delickaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краюшкина</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krayushkina</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краюшкина Валентина Николаевна — младший научный сотрудник, отдел биохимии.</p><p>152613, Ярославская область, Углич, Красноармейский бульвар, 19.</p><p>Teл.: +7-48532-98-1-33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina N. Krayushkina — junior researcher, department of biochemistry, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking.</p><p>19, Krasnoarmeysky Boulevard, Uglich, 152613, Yaroslavl Region.</p><p>Tel.: +7-48532-98-1-33</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uglich-cheese@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт маслоделия и сыроделия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>204</fpage><lpage>212</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Myagkonosov D.S., Smykov I.T., Abramov D.V., Delitskaya I.N., Krayushkina V.N., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мягконосов Д.С., Смыков И.Т., Абрамов Д.В., Делицкая И.Н., Краюшкина В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Myagkonosov D.S., Smykov I.T., Abramov D.V., Delitskaya I.N., Krayushkina V.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/125">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/125</self-uri><abstract><p>The effect of the type of milk clotting enzyme (MCE) on the duration of milk coagulation, parameters of the composition of whey and cheeses, and the output of cheeses in the production of soft cheese such as “Lyubitel'skiy” were investigated. Three brands of MCE of different origins were investigated: Marzyme® (MCE of microbial origin based on Rhizomucor miehei protease), Naturen® (calf rennet) and Chy-max® M (recombinant camel chymosin). It was established that MCEs had different ratios of milk clotting activity (MCA) to total proteolytic activity (PA). It was determined that the MCA/PA ratio, which characterizes the degree of specificity of the MCE action with regard to kappa-casein, in Chy-max M 1000 is ~7 times higher than that of Naturen and ~50 times higher than that of Marzyme. Such differences did not lead to a negative effect when using the Marzyme preparation in the production of soft cheeses. There were no statistically significant differences in the amount of dry matter loss of the curd into the whey, physicochemical parameters and output between the variants of cheeses made with the studied brands of MCE. Shorter duration of milk clotting (16.5 min) was observed with Marzyme than with MCE of Naturen (20.5 min) and Chy-max M (22.5 min). The results of the coagulation duration were explained by the stimulation of the activity of MCE of microbial origin, by the pH level of milk before coagulation (below pH 6.4). It was shown that modern MCEs of microbial origin could be recommended as a cost-effective replacement for more expensive rennet and recombinant chymosins in the production of soft and fresh cheeses.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследовано влияние типа молокосвертывающего фермента (МФ) на продолжительность свертывания молока, показатели состава сыворотки и сыров, а также на выход сыров при производстве мягкого сыра типа «Любительский». Изучены три марки МФ разного происхождения: Marzyme® (МФ микробного происхождения на основе протеазы Rhizomucor miehei), Naturen® (телячий сычужный фермент) и Chy-max® M (рекомбинантный химозин верблюда). Установлено, что МФ имели разное соотношение молокосвертывающей активности (МСА) к общей протеолитической активности (ПА). Определено, что показатель МСА/ ПА, характеризующий степень специфичности действия МФ в отношении каппа-казеина, у препарата Chy-max M в ~7 раз выше, чем у препарата Naturen, и в ~50 раз выше, чем у препарата Marzyme. Подобные отличия не привели к получению негативного эффекта при использовании препарата Marzyme при выработке мягких сыров. Не было отмечено статистически достоверных различий по величине потерь сухих веществ сгустка в сыворотку, а также по физико-химическим показателям и выходу между вариантами сыров, изготовленных с исследованными МФ. При использовании Marzyme наблюдалась меньшая продолжительность свертывания молока (16,5 мин), чем при использовании МФ Naturen (20,5 мин) и Chy-max M (22,5 мин). Полученные результаты по продолжительности свертывания были объяснены стимулированием активности МФ микробного происхождения уровнем рН молока перед свертыванием (ниже рН 6,4). Показано, что современные МФ микробного происхождения могут быть рекомендованы как экономически эффективная замена более дорогостоящим сычужным ферментам и рекомбинантным химозинам при производстве мягких и свежих сыров.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молокосвертывающие ферменты</kwd><kwd>ферментативное свертывание</kwd><kwd>мягкие сыры</kwd><kwd>подсырная сыворотка</kwd><kwd>выход сыра</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Milk-clotting enzymes</kwd><kwd>enzymatic coagulation</kwd><kwd>soft cheese</kwd><kwd>cheese whey</kwd><kwd>cheese yield</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fox, P.F., Guinee, T.P., Cogan, T.M., McSweeney, P.L.H. (2017). 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