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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2021-4-3-164-171</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-120</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Improvement of the computational method for determining the cryoscopic temperature of functional ice cream mixtures</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Совершенствование расчетного метода определения криоскопической температуры смесей для мороженого функциональной направленности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3166-2827</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Королев Игорь Антонович — кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник, Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт холодильной промышленности.</p><p>127422, Москва, ул. Костякова, д. 12.</p><p>Тел.: +7-499-976-09-63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor A. Korolev — candidate of technical sciences, researcher, All-Russian Research Institute of the Refrigeration Industry.</p><p>12, Kostyakova str., 127422, Moscow.</p><p>Tel .: + 7-499-976-09-63</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gigja@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7293-9162</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Творогова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tvorogova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Творогова Антонина Анатольевна — доктор технических наук, доцент, исполняющий обязанности директора.</p><p>127422, Москва, ул. Костякова, д. 12.</p><p>Тел.: +7-499-976-09-63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonina A. Tvorogova — doctor of technical sciences, docent, acting Di rector, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Refrigeration Industry.</p><p>12, Kostyakova str., 127422, Moscow.</p><p>Tel.: +7-499-976-09-63</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antvogova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4098-9146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ситникова</surname><given-names>П. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sitnikova</surname><given-names>P. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ситникова Полина Борисовна — кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник.</p><p>126422, Москва, ул. Костякова, д. 12.</p><p>Тел.: +7-495-610-83-85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina B. Sitnikova — candidate of technical sciences, researcher, All-Rus sian Research Institute of the Refrigeration Industry.</p><p>12, Kostyakova str., 127422, Moscow.</p><p>Tel .: +7-495-610-83-85</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lab.moroz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт холодильной промышленности</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Refrigeration Industry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>164</fpage><lpage>171</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Korolev I.A., Tvorogova A.A., Sitnikova P.B., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Королев И.А., Творогова А.А., Ситникова П.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korolev I.A., Tvorogova A.A., Sitnikova P.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/120">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/120</self-uri><abstract><p>Nowadays the functional ice cream production keeps developing. Due to that the traditional composition of the ice cream is amended. In case of substitution of the low molecular weight nutrients (sucrose, lactose and mineral salts of dry skimmed milk residue) with technologically functional nutrients, it changes the cryoscopic temperature, which influences the parameters of production process, in particular the temperature of the ice cream getting from the freezer. In this regard, the problem of calculating the cryoscopic temperature of ice cream mixtures has become acute, since it is not possible to find this parameter experimentally at all food enterprises. While calculating the cryoscopic temperatures on the basis of existing reference data, in some cases the authors encountered a significant (more than 0.5 °C) deviation of the calculation results from the experimental data. In order to establish the cause of these deviations, the authors analyzed aqueous solutions of sucrose, fructose, trehalose, erythritol, maltodextrin, polydextrose, sorbitol, glucose-fructose syrup, dry glucose syrup, inulin in concentrations that provide for the cryoscopic temperatures of solutions within the range from 0 °C to minus 6 °C. The cryoscopic temperature of the solutions was measured by an osmometer-cryoscope, and the conventional molecular weight of the substances was calculated on the basis of Raoult ratio, taking into account the high molecular weight substances and admixed impurities. It was shown that the values of the conventional molecular weight for trehalose and sorbitol solutions differ by more than 15% from the values of chemically pure substances due to presence of low molecular weight monomers in their composition. The presented experimental data on the conventional molecular weight values can be used for calculation of cryoscopic temperature of various types of mixtures used for ice cream production. As an example of application of obtained clarified values of conventional molecular weights, this article provides a method for calculation of cryoscopic temperature of low sucrose and sucrose-free ice cream mixtures, as well as a comparison of the calculation results with experimentally obtained data.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время развивается производство мороженого функциональной направленности, и в связи с этим происходит корректировка традиционного состава продукта. При замене низкомолекулярных нутриентов (сахарозы, лактозы и минеральных солей сухого обезжиренного молочного остатка) на технологически функциональные нутриенты изменяется криоскопическая температура, влияющая на параметры процесса производства, в частности на температуру выгрузки мороженого из фризера. В связи с этим актуальной стала проблема расчета криоскопической температуры смесей для мороженого, поскольку экспериментально определить этот показатель на всех предприятиях не представляется возможным. При выполнении расчетов криоскопических температур на основе существующих справочных данных в некоторых случаях авторами наблюдалось существенное (более 0,5 °C) отклонение результатов расчетов и эксперимента. С целью установления причины указанных отклонений авторами исследованы водные растворы сахарозы, фруктозы, трегалозы, эритрита, мальтодекстрина, полидекстрозы, сорбита, глюкозно-фруктозного сиропа, сухого глюкозного сиропа, а также инулина с концентрациями, обеспечивающими значения криоскопических температур растворов в диапазоне от 0 °C до минус 6 °C. С использованием осмометра-криоскопа выполнено измерение криоскопической температуры растворов, и на основе соотношения Рауля проведен расчет средних молекулярных масс веществ с учетом содержащихся в них высокомолекулярных веществ и примесей (условных молекулярных масс). Показано, что значения условной молекулярной массы для трегалозы и сорбита более чем на 15% отличаются от значений химически чистых веществ по причине наличия низкомолекулярных мономеров в их составе. Представленные экспериментальные данные по значениям условной молекулярной массы могут быть использованы при расчетах криоскопической температуры различных видов смесей для изготовления мороженого. В качестве примера применения полученных уточненных значений условных молекулярных масс приводится процедура расчета криоскопической температуры мороженого с пониженным содержанием сахарозы и без сахарозы, а также сравнение результатов вычислений с экспериментальными данными.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахара</kwd><kwd>наполнители</kwd><kwd>молекулярная масса</kwd><kwd>криоскопическая температура</kwd><kwd>мороженое</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sugars</kwd><kwd>fillers</kwd><kwd>molecular weight</kwd><kwd>cryoscopic temperature</kwd><kwd>ice cream</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения исследований по Государственному заданию ФНИ-№ 013.05 Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова Российской академии наук, тема № 0585-2019-0043-С-01.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was published as part of the research topic foundation for scientific research No. 013.05 of the state assignment of the V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS, topic No. 0585-2019-0043-С-01.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goff, H. D. (2019). The structure and properties of ice cream and frozen desserts. Chapter in a book: Encyclopedia of Food Chemistry, 47-54. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.21703-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goff, H. D. (2019). The structure and properties of ice cream and frozen desserts. Chapter in a book: Encyclopedia of Food Chemistry, 47-54. 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