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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2026-9-2-216-227</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-1108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Detection of adulteration of dairy products with beef fat by comprehensive assessment of the fat phase</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Выявление фальсификации молочных продуктов говяжьим жиром при комплексной оценке жировой фазы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0225-6870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топникова </surname><given-names>Е.  В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Topnikova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Топникова Елена Васильевна – доктор технических наук, заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>152613, Ярославская область, Углич, Красноармейский бульвар, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Topnikova, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Deputy Director for Research</p><p>19, Krasnoarmeysky Boulevard, Uglich, 152613, Yaroslavl Region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8923-8661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пчелкина </surname><given-names>В.  А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pchelkina </surname><given-names>V.  A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пчелкина Виктория Александровна – кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, Экспериментальная клиника-лаборатория биологически активных веществ животного происхождения</p><p>109316, Москва, ул. Талалихина, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria A. Pchelkina, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Leading Researcher, Experimental Clinic-Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances of Animal Origin</p><p>26, Talalikhin str., Moscow, 109316</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.pchelkina@fncps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5522-224X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилова </surname><given-names>Е.  С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данилова Екатерина Сергеевна – научный сотрудник, отдел научно-технологических исследований</p><p>152613, Ярославская область, Углич, Красноармейский бульвар, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Danilova, Researcher, Department of Scientific and Technological Research</p><p>19, Krasnoarmeysky Boulevard, Uglich, 152613, Yaroslavl Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.danilova@fncps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-3059</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирогова </surname><given-names>Е.  Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pirogova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пирогова Екатерина Николаевна – научный сотрудник, отдел научно-технологических исследований</p><p>152613, Ярославская область, Углич, Красноармейский бульвар, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina N. Pirogova, Researcher, Department of Scientific and Technological Research</p><p>19, Krasnoarmeysky Boulevard, Uglich, 152613, Yaroslavl Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.pirogova@fncps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9233-446X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заболотин </surname><given-names>Г.  Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabolotin </surname><given-names>G.  Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заболотин Григорий Юрьевич – аспирант</p><p>109316, Москва, ул. Талалихина, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grigory Yu. Zabolotin, Graduate Student</p><p>26, Talalikhin str., Moscow, 109316</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kachestvo.tvoroghome@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт маслоделия и сыроделия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center of Food Systems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>216</fpage><lpage>227</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Topnikova E.V., Pchelkina  V.A., Danilova E.S., Pirogova E.N., Zabolotin  G.Y., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Топникова  Е.В., Пчелкина  В.А., Данилова  Е.С., Пирогова  Е.Н., Заболотин  Г.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Topnikova E.V., Pchelkina  V.A., Danilova E.S., Pirogova E.N., Zabolotin  G.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/1108">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/1108</self-uri><abstract><p>An effect of added beef fat on changes in quality indicators of the fat phase of dairy products has been examined and the possibility of their complex use for the identification purpose has been assessed. Physico-chemical parameters of the fat phase were assessed: the composition of fatty acids and their ratio, melting temperature, iodine value and the Reichert-Meissl number, acidity and organoleptic properties. In addition, the spectral analysis was carried out with the use of Raman spectroscopy. Comparative examinations of milk and beef fats, model mixtures of the fat phase of the falsified product with a proportion of beef fat in the fat phase from 5 to 30 % were carried out. The results showed significant differences between milk and beef fat by all studied indicators. In the model mixtures of the given range, significant differences with the control were revealed for organoleptic parameters (upon addition of beef fat at a level of 10 % and higher), the Reichert-Meissl number (at 15 % and higher) and a С18:0 /С14:0 ratio (at 5 % and higher). The iodine value, melting temperature, and acidity of the fat phase did not show a significant difference of the falsified fat phase from milk fat. The main bands of Raman spectra of the studied samples were ascribed to vibrations of saturated and unsaturated structures of fatty acids in the regions of 1265 cm–1, 1300 cm–1, 1440 cm–1, 1650 cm–1 and 1747 cm–1. The spectral analysis showed significant differences between milk fat and beef fats in terms of the intensity of the spectrum signals. In the sample of beef fat with emulsifiers and flavoring agents, a clear bifurcation of the signal in the region of 1720–1760 cm–1 was observed, as well as the appearance of a band at 1175 cm–1 in the spectrum characterizing vibrations of ester carbonyl group of the glycerol backbone in the molecules of glycerides. In the model samples of the fat phase of the falsified product, differences in the results of the Raman spectroscopy were revealed upon adding more than 15 % of beef fat, which can be an additional criterion of the assessment of the fatty phase of a product after conducting further systemic investigations on this issue.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассматривается влияние добавленного говяжьего жира на изменение показателей качества жировой фазы молочных продуктов и оценивается возможность их комплексного применения для целей идентификации. Исследовали физико-химические свойства жировой фазы: состав жирных кислот и их соотношение, температуру плавления, йодное число и число Рейхерта–Мейссля, кислотность и органолептические показатели. Дополнительно выполняли спектральный анализ с использованием рамановской спектроскопии. Были проведены сравнительные испытания молочного и говяжьих жиров, модельных смесей жировой фазы фальсифицированного продукта с долей говяжьего жира в жировой фазе от 5 до 30 %. Результаты показали достоверное различие молочного и говяжьего жира по всем исследованным показателям. В модельных смесях заданного диапазона достоверные различия с контролем выявлены по органолептическим показателям (при добавлении говяжьего жира 10 % и более), числу Рейхерта–Мейссля (при 15 % и более) и соотношению С18:0 /С14:0 (при 5 % и более). Йодное число, температура плавления и кислотность жировой фазы не показали значимого отличия фальсифицированной жировой фазы от молочного жира. Основные полосы рамановских спектров исследованных образов приписаны колебаниями насыщенных и ненасыщенных структур жирных кислот в областях 1265 см–1, 1300 см–1, 1440 см–1, 1650 см–1 и 1747 см–1. Спектральный анализ показал значимые различия молочного жира и говяжьих жиров в части интенсивности сигналов спектров. В образце говяжьего жира с эмульгаторами и ароматизатором выявлено отчетливое раздвоение сигнала в области 1720–1760 см–1, а также появление на спектре полосы 1175 см–1, характеризующее колебания карбонильно-сложноэфирной группы глицеринового остова в молекулах глицеридов. В модельных образцах жировой фазы фальсифицированного продукта различия по результатам рамановской спектроскопии выявлены при добавлении более 15 % говяжьего жира, что может являться дополнительным критерием оценки жировой фазы продукта после проведения дальнейших системных исследований по данному вопросу.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молочный жир</kwd><kwd>говяжий жир</kwd><kwd>идентификация</kwd><kwd>физико-химические показатели</kwd><kwd>жирнокислотный состав</kwd><kwd>рамановская спектроскопия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>milk fat</kwd><kwd>beef fat</kwd><kwd>identification</kwd><kwd>physico-chemical indicators</kwd><kwd>fatty acid composition</kwd><kwd>Raman spectroscopy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения Государственного задания № FGUS‑2024-0008 ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова» РАН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared within the framework of the State Assignment № FGUS‑2024-0008 of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems» of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Янковская, В. С., Дунченко, Н. И. (2024). Системный подход к обеспечению качества и безопасности пищевых продуктов на базе квалиметрии рисков. Молочная промышленность, 6, 59–62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yankovskaya, V. S., Dunchenko, N. I. (2024). Systematic approach to food quality and safety: Risk qualimetry. Dairy Industry, 6, 59–62. 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