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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">foodsyst</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Food systems</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пищевые системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2618-9771</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7272</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2618-9771-2026-9-2-282-293</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">foodsyst-1102</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Chemoinformatic prioritization of bioactive compounds associated with the bread matrix based on ChEMBL pharmacological annotations and machine learning</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хемоинформатическая приоритизация биоактивных соединений, ассоциированных с хлебной матрицей на основе фармакологических аннотаций ChEMBL и машинного обучения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2652-0303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Максим Александрович – аспирант, кафедра пищевых технологий и биоинженерии</p><p>115054, Москва, Стремянный пер, 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim A. Kuznetsov, PhD student, Research Laboratory «Biotechnology of Food Systems»</p><p>36, Stremyanny lane, 115054, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">5726219@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8988-5911</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитин Игорь Алексеевич – доктор технических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой пищевых технологий и биоинженерии</p><p>115054, Москва, Стремянный пер, 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor A. Nikitin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Docent, Head of the Department of Food Technology and Bioengineering</p><p>36, Stremyanny lane, 115054, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Nikitin.IA@rea.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский экономический университет имени Г. В. Плеханова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>282</fpage><lpage>293</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kuznetsov M.A., Nikitin I.A., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов М.А., Никитин И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov M.A., Nikitin I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/1102">https://www.fsjour.com/jour/article/view/1102</self-uri><abstract><p>Bread and cereal-based products represent not only a source of macronutrients but also a complex food matrix containing low-molecular-weight phenolic, aromatic and fermentation-derived compounds. A number of these molecules have been associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and receptor-mediated effects in experimental studies and pharmacological databases. However, these records mainly describe test systems for individual compounds and do not demonstrate the corresponding effects directly in bread products. The objective was to develop a reproducible chemoinformatics framework for internal prioritization of compounds associated with bread and cereal matrices based on structural features and ChEMBL pharmacological annotations. The study included 43 curated compounds. After structural standardization and InChIKey deduplication, 2,058 molecular features were calculated, including physicochemical descriptors and topological fingerprints. Functional labels were generated from ChEMBL records for four activity classes: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and AhR-modulating. Logistic regression, random forest, CatBoost, and XGBoost were compared using nested repeated multilabel cross-validation; no independent external dataset was used in this study. Random forest showed the best balance of performance and robustness, with a macro average precision of 0.8041 (95 % CI: 0.7766–0.8320) and a macro ROC-AUC of 0.8056. The anti-inflammatory class showed the most stable performance, whereas the antioxidant class was more heterogeneous. The highest-ranking compounds were protocatechuic, caffeic, gallic and ferulic acids, quercetin, and (+)-catechin. Evaluation with molecular scaffold-based splitting reduced macro average precision to 0.6245, indicating limited transferability to structurally distant compounds. The proposed approach should be regarded as a tool for preliminary candidate selection for further external and biological validation, rather than as experimental confirmation of their functional effects in the bread matrix.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Хлеб и продукты на основе зернового сырья являются не только источником макронутриентов, но и сложной пищевой матрицей, содержащей низкомолекулярные соединения фенольной, ароматической и ферментационной природы. Для ряда таких соединений в экспериментальных и фармакологических базах описаны антиоксидантные, противовоспалительные, противогрибковые и рецепторно-опосредованные эффекты. При этом такие сведения относятся преимущественно к тест-системам для индивидуальных веществ и не доказывают проявление соответствующих эффектов непосредственно в составе хлеба. Целью работы была разработка воспроизводимой хемоинформатической схемы внутренней приоритизации соединений, ассоциированных с хлебной и зерновой матрицей, на основе структурных признаков и фармакологических аннотаций ChEMBL. В анализ включили 43 куративно обработанных соединения. После стандартизации структур и удаления дубликатов по InChIKey для каждой молекулы рассчитали 2058 признаков, включающих физико-химические дескрипторы и топологические фингерпринты. Функциональные метки формировали по данным ChEMBL для четырёх направлений активности: антиоксидантной, противовоспалительной, противогрибковой и AhR-модулирующей. Модели логистической регрессии, случайного леса, CatBoost и XGBoost сравнивали во вложенной повторной перекрёстной проверке в многометочной постановке; независимый внешний набор данных в настоящей работе не использовали. Наилучшее сочетание качества и устойчивости показал случайный лес: усреднённая точность ранжирования положительных примеров составила 0,8041 при 95 % доверительном интервале 0,7766–0,8320, ROC-AUC – 0,8056. Наиболее устойчивым оказался противовоспалительный класс, тогда как антиоксидантный характеризовался большей неоднородностью. Верхние позиции ранжирования заняли протокатеховая, кофейная, галловая и феруловая кислоты, кверцетин и (+)-катехин. Проверка при разделении соединений по молекулярным каркасам снизила усреднённую точность до 0,6245, что указывает на ограниченную переносимость модели. Полученные результаты следует рассматривать как инструмент предварительного отбора соединений для последующей внешней и экспериментальной проверки, а не как подтверждение их функционального действия в хлебной матрице.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хлебная матрица</kwd><kwd>хемоинформатика</kwd><kwd>ChEMBL</kwd><kwd>RDKit</kwd><kwd>фенольные кислоты</kwd><kwd>случайный лес</kwd><kwd>молекулярные дескрипторы</kwd><kwd>внутренняя проверка</kwd><kwd>приоритизация соединений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bread matrix</kwd><kwd>chemoinformatics</kwd><kwd>ChEMBL</kwd><kwd>RDKit</kwd><kwd>phenolic acids</kwd><kwd>random forest</kwd><kwd>molecular descriptors</kwd><kwd>internal validation</kwd><kwd>compound prioritization</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет средств субсидии на выполнение государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках научно-исследовательского проекта № FSSW‑2025-0004.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was funded by a subsidy for the implementation of a state assignment from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of research project No. FSSW‑2025-0004.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boudaoud, S., Sicard, D., Suc, L., Conéjéro, G., Segond, D., Aouf, C. 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